Welcome to Cosmology and its Fundamental Observations

This video combines chapters 1 and 2 of the videos in my new series of Cosmology. I'm going through Dr. Barbara Ryden's textbook "Introduction to Cosmology". If you follow along, you'll get a full upper-division undergraduate course in Cosmology. I used this textbook at William Paterson University.

This course will cover the current state of the science of Cosmology. To follow along, it'll be a good idea for you to ge to know your calculus. Here are the topics of this video:

Introductory Cosmology:
Chapter 01: What is Cosmology?
Chapter 02: Fundamental Observations
-- 01: What is Olbers' paradox?
-- 02: The Universe is Isotropic and Homogeneous
-- 03: Redshift is Proportional to Distance
-- 04: Different Types of Particles
-- 05: Cosmic Microwave Background

What is Cosmology?
Units of Distance, Units of Mass, Units of Time, Units of Energy and Power, The Very Small, Fundamental Constants of Nature, Planck Units, Geometrized Units, and The Briefest History of Cosmology

Some things covered from Fundamental Observations:
Where did it come from? How is Copernicus involved with this? Is the Universe infinite in extent?
Is the Universe infinitely old? Why is Edgar Allan Poe so grumpy? What are homogeneity and isotropy? How can we measure them? How does the Cosmic Microwave Background apply to this? What does the Hubble Deep Field Survey add? What does this mean for the laws of physics? Why are we alone in the local universe? Nearly all Galaxies Show a Redshift. Does cosmic redshift happen by chance? Does the redshift violate the cosmological principle? How can we quantify the expansion of spacetime? What are the Hubble Time and Distance? How does measuring the rate of expansion give us the age of the universe? What is the Steady State Model? Why does the Big Bang win over the Steady State? What's beyond the cosmic horizon? Elementary Particle Physics. Quarks, Leptons, Bosons and Hadrons. Introductory quantum chromodynamics. Baryonic and non-baryonic matter
Photons and the blackbody distribution. Neutrino flavors and their mysterious masses. Dark matter. The Nature of Photons. Blackbody Radiation. An overlooked origin story to the CMB, starring: Ralph Alpher, Robert Hermann, George Gamove, Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson, and Robert Dicke. COBE, WMAP, and Planck CMB Missions. The origin of the CMB from Quark-Anti-Quark soup to the epochs of Recombination and Decoupling.

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[petachad]

This came up on autoplay when I was asleep and I had the craziest dream ever

[ElectricEric]

00:03 🎵 Introduction to Cosmology
00:45 📊 Measuring the Universe
02:12 📚 Introduction to the Textbook
03:22 🔍 Units of Measurement
09:55 🕰 Cosmological Time Scales and Units of Energy and Power
11:42 ⭐ Astronomical Units of Energy and Distance
12:20 🔍 The Importance of Small Scales in Cosmology
16:42 📊 Fundamental Constants in Cosmology
19:37 🤖 Introduction to Plon Units
20:06 💡 Understanding Plon Units
23:00 📊 Geometrization of the Universe
25:03 🌠 Brief History of Cosmology
29:46 🌟 Ancient Greek Cosmology and the Sun-Centered Universe
30:40 🌟 The Rise of Modern Astronomy and the Challenge to Geocentrism
31:20 🌟 The Development of Newton's Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation
34:00 🌟 The Discovery of Stellar Parallax and the Measurement of Distance
35:20 🌟 The Development of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity
37:00 🌟 The Discovery of the Expanding Universe and the Big Bang Theory
39:51 🚀 The Discovery of the Accelerating Universe
41:28 🌠 The Golden Age of Observational Cosmology
43:15 🌃 Oler's Paradox and the Night Sky
50:38 🌠 Calculating the Number of Stars in a Cylinder
52:41 🌠 The Distance We Can See
54:04 🌠 The Brightness of the Paved Sky
59:21 🌠 Assumptions and Limitations
01:09:31 🤖 Isotropy and Homogeneity in the Universe
01:14:02 🛡 Observations of Isotropy and Homogeneity
01:16:15 🔭 The Cosmic Microwave Background and Isotropy
01:18:40 🚀 Density of the Universe
01:20:20 🌐 Homogeneity and Isotropy of the Universe
01:23:20 🌠 The Cosmological Principle and the Steady State Model
01:25:20 🌟 The Specialness of Humanity and the Universe
01:28:00 🙏 Introduction and Context
01:29:21 📚 Chapter 2: Red Shift
01:34:09 🔍 The Discovery of Red Shift
01:46:22 🚀 Cosmological Principle and Hubble's Law
01:51:08 📏 Expansion of Space and Scale Factor
01:53:01 🚀 Hubble Parameter and Velocity
01:55:59 🤖 Hubble Time and its Significance
01:57:21 ⭐ Oldest Stars and their Metallicity
01:59:24 🌠 Globular Clusters and their Ages
02:00:05 🤔 Population 3 Stars and Binary Systems
02:01:00 🕰 Hubble Time and the Expansion of the Universe
02:02:10 🔍 The Hubble Parameter and the Expansion of the Universe
02:05:20 🔭 Ober's Paradox and the Age of the Universe
02:07:06 🚀 The Steady State Model and the Big Bang
02:09:07 📊 Mathematics of the Steady State Model
02:11:10 🌐 The Volume of the Universe and the Steady State Model
02:13:12 🚫 The Big Bang Prevails
02:14:47 🔭 The Steady State Model and the Big Bang Theory
02:16:40 🌐 The Nature of the Big Bang and the Cosmic Horizon
02:20:08 🔍 The Redshift and the Big Bang Theory
02:22:20 📚 Introduction to Chapter 2 of Barbara Ryden's Introduction to Cosmology
02:24:38 🤖 Fermions, Bosons, and Quarks
02:30:16 💼 Qu and Hadrons
02:32:09 ⏰ Protons and Neutrons
02:33:43 🌠 The Building Blocks of the Universe
02:41:46 🤔 The Mass of Neutrinos
02:42:40 🤖 Photons and their Properties
02:47:03 🔥 Black Body Spectrum and Energy Density
02:50:22 📊 Number Density of Photons and the Cosmic Microwave Background
02:51:43 🌟 Photons and the Sun
02:53:07 🔮 Dark Matter
02:59:05 🔮 Properties of Dark Matter
03:01:21 🤖 Introduction and Acknowledgments
03:03:35 💡 Properties of Light
03:05:00 🔍 Properties of Light (continued)
03:06:32 🚀 History of the Cosmic Microwave Background
03:10:55 🚀 The Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background
03:14:09 🔭 The Confirmation of the Big Bang Theory
03:16:25 📊 The WMAP Mission
03:29:40 🔥 Photon Creation and Annihilation
03:37:30 🌌 The Emergence of Matter and the Cosmic Microwave Background
03:39:06 🔭 The Cosmic Microwave Background and its Properties
03:39:20 🔭 Primordial Light Barrier and Recombination
03:41:27 📊 Deriving the Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background

[ilaysdalays]

Woke up while this was playing and I simply just watched everything bc it was too interesting

[surpwer]

Anyone else find videos like this with basic microphone and zero music to be the most relaxing content on youtube?

[Tribecasoothsayer]

I’m in just a short amount. But I already realize This is an excellent presentation and I’m excited to listen to the rest. Thank you!

[ServoSambo]

Hi Jason. I’ve been listening to your lectures for many years and am so thankful you are so generous with your knowledge and time. Thank you.

[Elegant-Capybara]

Thank you for your awesome work. While YouTube has awesome channels like PBS Space Time, Cool Worlds etc, they aren't structured. This will be invaluable for anyone trying to learn cosmology and Astronomy in a structured manner.

[ДенисПлахотя-оч]

I'm lucky to find such an interesting channel to dive in, thanks for invitation, it's an honor for me.

[morganseppy]

Thank you for providing higher education for free for anyone who wants to learn

[theplinkerslodge]

To me, Dr. Kendall injects the right amount of wonder and enthusiasm into the topic that if you took a step or two back, everyone should be blown away by. Don't stop being amazed! The Universe is cookie crazy amazing, embrace that...

[Bionic_Rob]

Hi Jason, been listening to you for awhile now. Also Dr Green and Dr Susskind from Stanford. You are blessed by God to have such a good mind and many other gifts. Loving your work on Cosmology and your approach to science in particular astronomy. From the quantum world to the macro universe. For me I'm filled with wonder and thankfulness to God for my life. So interesting to hear of the creation of elements, quantum fields, universal forces and the role they play in creation. Mind boggling isn't it? Look forwards to continuing to listen and watch your work and explanations. For me as I sit here and look out across the bay and listen to the birds, feel the breeze and the warmth of our Sun. I am so grateful to God and for his the salvation thru Jesus. Keep up the good work mate.

[bohol_netherlands]

Love the first lecture. Thanks Jason, for sure will listen the others. Great way to fast gain insights for someone that just started on learning Cosmology / Astronomy.

[marcuspaul]

The algorithm has decided that I must science today

[stefanjanik]

Like all the other comments I am glad I found these. We need a Jason in Scotland teaching the public astronomy and cosmology.

[esbenkran]

I feel like you can make a great book out of all this, Jason.

[mariabhan]

Hi! Just want to say,
Your videos have given me SO MUCH happiness, peace, knowledge, joy, better sleep, and more. Thank you, thank you, thank you!

If I knew more people, I would share your channel with them.

Just know, your passion and work is incredibly meaningful and valuable and brings so much joy to many people!!!!

I am honestly shocked that you do not have more subscribers/views— but I GUARANTEE you that gold will always shine through and so will you!! Your channel is invaluable. Your students must be so lucky to have you.

[themark]

Thank you for making this video. I love watching astronomy videos and this is a great refresher of the fundamentals.

[funkbungus]

Oh boy, oh boy… what have I found here? Thank you for doing this!

[lorainecross]

What edition are you using for this series? I would like to follow along.

[saultyops]

Who else left their YouTube on autopkay