Finding Input and Output Values of a Function

Timestamps for Examples -
Intro – 0:00
Example 1 – 0:47
Example 2 – 17:40
Example 3 – 22:51
Example 4 – 26:37
Example 5 – 49:13
Example 6 – 1:02:29
Example 7 – 1:08:44
Example 8 – 1:12:15
Example 9 – 1:16:37
Example 10 – 1:18:36
Example 11 – 1:20:59
Example 12 – 1:23:26
Example 13 – 1:24:53
Example 14 – 1:26:58
Example 15 – 1:29:53
Example 16 – 1:32:10