CRITICAL THINKING - Fundamentals: Truth and Validity [HD]

In this video, Julianne Chung (Yale University) explains the philosophical concepts of truth and validity before going on to illustrate how truth and falsity, as well as validity and invalidity, can appear in various combinations in an argument. She then introduces the concept of a sound argument (i.e., a valid argument whose premises are all true) and presents one reason to think that valid arguments with false premises are also of interest. For more detailed discussions of validity and soundness, please be sure to have a look at the videos on these topics by Paul Henne (Duke University) and Aaron Ancell (Duke University), respectively.

Help us caption & translate this video!

[Martha-rwxw]

Might Help :
1) Premises ✓ Conclusion ✓ = Valid.
2) Premises ✓ Conclusion × = Invalid.
3) Premises × Conclusion ✓ = Valid.
4) Premises × Conclusion × = Invalid.

[yubrajsharma]

Why don't I understand this I am gonna cry!

[paradigmarson]

I should really keep up with these, do one a day. It's cognitively strenuous so it must be good for me. Also it's always good to maintain the fundamentals of thought. Going to add them to my watch later, which I tend to impulsively access from a browser shortcut.

[sartajmohammed]

THIS IS SUPER CONFUSING. SHE DID A GOOD JOB THOUGH

[camilogomez]

I looove this topic, thanks for sharing

[michaellouis]

Keep in mind that the arrangement of the final conclusion will affect if it is logic hence the validity. Try to watch the video few times. Always be logic. Hence, commonsense.

[sudhakarmadakaful]

Did you guys draw images for the video? love this way of teaching.

[ReligionInTheBin]

Can you do videos on (indirect) realism vs idealism?

[untamed]

I've been going through these videos in succession and so far the guy from Duke Uni. (Paul Henne) has given the best video. This one was convoluted and you went over your examples too fast, especially when involving the diagrams. A bit of a dry presentation.

[shiperobin]

I was under the assumption that all arguments to be believed were based in fact and all valid arguments are based on facts. Nobody taught me this. Why do we have to teach people this? What's happening?! I'm scared!

[angelaking]

From the 1 slow minded person that stumbled apon this sup... lmao

[janesjanes]

So basically to test whether an argument is valid or not is to test the conclusion to the premises?

[glenbo]

the last example seems a bit confusing to me. isn't P2 the same as the conclusion? you restate the P1 and conclude that john can't be bowling, and then it is said again as a conclusion without the initial P. i get it but it seems clumsy and/or inelegant. but i like the video and the playlist, thanks

[earthshaker]

Anyone in Mr. Baker's class watching? 😁🤣🤣😅😇

[johngibson]

Good video but I wish you would have touched on deductive and inductive arguments.

[yon]

But IS it true that all Australian shepherds are dogs? 🤔

[headcase]

The argument follows a logical form known as a categorical syllogism. However, it contains a logical fallacy known as the fallacy of the undistributed middle.

Here's the breakdown:

Premise 1: All dogs are animals.
Premise 2: All Australian Shepherds are animals.
Conclusion: All Australian Shepherds are dogs.

The issue arises from the undistributed middle term. In this syllogism, "animals" is the middle term, and it is undistributed in both premises. While both premises state that dogs and Australian Shepherds are animals, they do not establish a direct connection between dogs and Australian Shepherds.

The syllogism could be improved by adding a premise that connects dogs and Australian Shepherds, such as:

Premise 3: All Australian Shepherds are dogs.

With this additional premise, the argument would become valid:

All dogs are animals.
All Australian Shepherds are animals.
All Australian Shepherds are dogs.

Now, the conclusion logically follows from the premises, and the argument is valid. However, in its current form, the original argument is invalid due to the fallacy of the undistributed middle.

[benromero]

I know an Australian shepherd who isn't a dog. He eat's like one though.

[Psychedlia]

I find this to be way too simple. However it can be useful

[alexmatias]

I'm annoyed someone HELP ME!! OMG so confused this is worse than math