CRITICAL THINKING - Fundamentals: Abductive Arguments

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In this Wireless Philosophy video, Geoff Pynn (Northern Illinois University) follows up on his introduction to critical thinking by exploring how abductive arguments give us reason to believe their conclusions. Good abductive arguments don't guarantee their conclusions, but give us very good reasons to believe their conclusions. This sort of inference is called "inference to the best explanation."

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Thank you! People always talk about deductive and inductive reasoning but they easily forget abductive reasoning!

GainingUnderstanding
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I know an example of an abductive argument; the duck test.

"If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck."

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"KUWA"
Knowledge: Know the pertinent facts.
Understanding: Understand those facts.
Wisdom: Correctly connect those facts together.
Application: Apply wisdom.

Missing even one pertinent fact, and/or not correctly understanding even one pertinent fact, and/or not correctly connecting two or more pertinent facts together, and wrong conclusions could easily be obtained. Sometimes even dangerous and deadly actions taken from those conclusions.

There is a KUWA for every topic in existence in this universe, even a KUWA of KUWA.
KUWA needs to be wide in pertinent topics and deep enough in those pertinent topics to reach correct conclusions that could then have correct wisdom applied.

charlesbrightman
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The example with Uranus and Neptune is ironic because a similar thing happened with the aberration in the orbit of Mercury and the planet Vulcan was postulated to explain it... turns out that in this case Newton's theory was wrong.

PublicCommerce
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The more I learn about academic philosophy, the more I realize it is a
collection of thoughts I've already had, albeit accompanied by jargon
terminology.

dreamlandnightmare
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Thank you for making these awesome videos, they are very helpful!! I am enjoying to watch and learn!!

allisonwasheree
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So, is abduction a place holder until assumptions are firmed up through deductive processes?
Is it just a broken or incomplete deductive process?

boldcautionproductions
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I think abductive reasoning is closely related to occam's razor. A strong abductive argument seems to be the one that requires less unsupported premises. What you think, does my view hold any water? I can explain in more detail if you want

watchHat
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Excellent! Thanks for a clear and very helpful video.

jamessennett
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Is an argument by analogy inductive or abductive? I feel the distinction between inductive and abductive is a bit unnatural, but I'm open to changing my view.

SikanderG
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it seems to me that ampliative arguments are pre-fact arguments and abductive arguments are post-fact arguments.a) ampliative: I do not think Mark is coming to the party because he is shyb) abdutive: mark did not come to the party because he is shy

vinimaroli
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Checking my understanding here, but for the first example, wouldn't abductive reasoning take in multiple factors?

trollingisasport
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what is the difference between abductive and inductive?

leninmeister.
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Is it safe to say that a confession from a suspect in a criminal matter warrants an explanation?What if evidence is difficult to obtain?Who or what circumstances decides what a conclusion definately is?

aceman
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is this abductive? premise: keanu reeves looks young even if its 2015 conclusion: keanu reeves is a vampire

pepehorhae
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When some1 claims they were abducted but you say they dreamed it, is that an abductive argument?

GeneralArmorus
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Abduction needs a catchphrase .. like "invalid" or "cogent" .. I don't what to have to say "That explanation is not the best fit for the available evidence." What a mouthful. :P

indyjones
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so are abductive arguments a subset of ampliative arguments, or vice versa?

sabastianblak
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What is the difference between abductive arguments and ampliative arguments?

soulreaperichig
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Thx! Very good explanation! Good work!

hermesmercuriustrismegistu