Tiny Black Holes May Have Produced Some of the Moon's Craters

Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a new study that suggests we could find signs of mini black holes on the surface of the moon and thus explain the existence of dark matter
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[Mepper.]

If a tiny black hole passed through a moon, what are the chances it would go through the center of the moon to have the exit point be the exact opposite point? I would think that would be rare, and the "normal" circumstance would be for it to strike the surface at some angle other than 90 degrees to the surface. This means you would have to analyze each crater and figure the angle of incidence and then calculate where the corresponding exit would be. Given the age of most craters I suspect this problem would add enough uncertainty that it would be quite difficult to definitively match entry and exit craters.

[jamesdavison]

Any impact on Earth generates a ripple around the crust that propagates to the geometric opposite side of the planet and recombines to create an impact phenomenon. This is called antipodal vulcanism and examples exist of this on many known moons. This may explain why the dinosaur-killing asteroid responsible for the the KT extinction event on Earth may have lead to the Deccan traps in India, producing prolong vulcanism. (although dating disagreements still persist, these occurred at almost exactly the same time.) The idea that a black hole might have caused this was first proposed by John Archibald Wheeler. I recommend you read his book. It also tells about his contributions to the fusion bomb.) However, a black hole would be affected more by gravity and produce an arc transect of the planet based on the trajectory, rather than being on the opposite side exactly. Also the conditions of the crater would be different. A very interesting topic! Thanks Anton!

[JeffMoody]

Ballistics confirms the shock spire forming in the middle of the entry crater, but the exit crater looks very different. Also, I echo the comments that natural projectiles rarely hit a spherical target at 90°. The exit crater could be anywhere. Also, something with such condensed mass would yank out some of the interior. What you'd be looking for is a mound of material different than the surface. Reminiscent of a tailing mound outside of a mine.

[peterloohunt]

One of the great things about this channel is you don't have a pompous pretentious overblown set of titles, you just get down to it, and there's no annoying background music or adverts.

Class!

[grugnotice]

Gonna be hard to find matching craters. There is nothing at all to say that these black holes have to pass straight through the center of the moon. The second crater could be almost ANYWHERE on the surface of the moon. Glancing blow could even make them be just a few tens of miles apart.

[Skyldyel]

One thing I don't get about the location of the crater pair: Whi would this black hole go through the center of the moon? It could hit at any angle.

[tstodgell]

Two problems: first, a PBH would not need to pass directly through the center of the moon. It could graze the surface or pass through at any random angle. Second, the geology might be different. Asteroid impacts generate stuff like shocked quartz and planar deformation features due to extreme _compression_. A PBH on the other hand would generate very localized extreme _shear_ due to the good old "spaghettification" phenomena just outside the event horizon.... not compression. I'd look for minerals that form under brief, extreme heating due to shear, rather than shock compression.

And of course, these PBH tracks through planets could be extremely tiny. Still worth keeping an eye out for them, especially if we can model what sort of minerals to look for. Any PBH more massive than about 10^11 kg could have survived into modern times without evaporating. The Earth itself is a whopping 6*10^24 kg, and an Earth-mass BH would have an event horizon of only 17mm. So... you're gonna have to look or VERY small melt-holes through planetary bodies. Let's figure out what kind of geology to look for first, then do some simulations. My gut feel is that there would be very little ejecta. If we are going to find these things, it'll take spectrometers in orbit hunting for weird spaghettified minerals.

[gnash.r]

Fascinating concept! One nagging question I had was why wouldn't the tiny black holes violently consume the nearby matter of the object it is colliding with?

[davidarundel]

Were a micro black hole to hit the moon & pass thru it, would not the entry crater be different to the exit crater ?

[rafaelshumaker]

Looking for the exit directly on the opposite side of the moon assumes that it hit at an angle that would take it directly through the center of the moon. But you over look the possibility that it could touch the moon entirely at a tangent. You also overlook all other possibilities between the perpendicular and the tangent. The chance of it striking perfectly perpendicular is extremely small.

[chrisgriffith]

I tend to think we underestimate many different things surround the average stars, and even in certain zones of galaxies, like comets and asteroid belts, extra terrestrial planets, brown dwarfs, or all of the above.

[petrkubena]

I'm having trouble imagining the right properties for this to work. It must travel relatively slow as to not escape the galaxy, it must not be so heavy as to influence orbits of other larger objects that we could notice it, yet it must have relatively high kinetic energy as to not loose it while passing through (unlike normal asteroid it looses energy the whole way through - that's thousands of times more than normal rocks for the same surface effect).

[glenecollins]

Presumably these black holes would also be flying into neutron stars where the density should be high enough to feed them significantly, we still observe what look like neutron stars so those black holes must be very rare.

[tywag]

I think another big difference between a black hole hitting something vs a object that we are aware of would be the lack of transfer of material. Such as when 2 cars hit they'll have paint from the other deposited on them. But if a black hole hit your car it would cause damage without a clue of what hit it. So in this case the moon should have some foreign material from the object that hit it but if it was a black hole there would only be moon material.

[christisking]

Fascinating. But what's to say that the secondary crater is on the exact opposite side of the moon? That would be assuming that it hit straight on when in all impacts are off center.

[Kholdaimon]

If the primordial black hole is about the size of an atom, would it not create a crater (or bore hole) a tiny bit larger then an atom? I mean, a bullet makes a bullet-sized hole.
And I don't even think it would create a crater since it does not all that much displace matter, just a few atoms or molecules would get displaced, if it displaced more then that should mean it is probably significantly slowed down since it means it is affecting a larger surface area...

All in all it sounds like a wild hypothesis and I don't see how the hypothesis lines up with the proposed way to resolve it...

[alexanderb]

It feels like tiny black holes are the hip new thing to blame random phenomena on.

[KarstenJohansson]

I love the phrase "smaller than an atom" because it forever reminds us that our best science gets superceded eventually.

[Hooyahfish]

I thought black holes that size would disintegrated within a few seconds because of Hawking radiation.

[atigerclaw]

Short version, mini-black holes are going to behave with stellar bodies the same way armor-piercing bullets like to behave hitting flesh. So the craters are going to be more akin to entry and exit wounds.