Summarizing Romance sound shifts

Links:

Translations:
0:54: (Latin) I am your father.
7:06: (Spanish) Well now I am not doing it.
9:11: (Proto-Slavic) Can I offer you a nice sound in this trying time?
19:44: (Italian) A part of him lives within me, doesn’t it?

[tonuka]

I love how your visualization of the expansion of Rome is just you slowly stretching a jpg image

[CommonCommiestudios]

19:36 the reason that the Italian word is scudo instead of the expected *scuto is because it's not directly inherited, rather it was borrowed from a North Italian language which actually had the -t- to -d- change, there are several words like that in Italian (spiga < spica, riva < ripa) that did the same voicing, where the borrowed words displaced the native inherited ones

[LingoLizard]

Having done research on a bunch of Romance languages for a certain upcoming video, I wanted to chime in that Sardinian also does the /kʷ/ /gʷ/ > /p/ /b/ sound shift.

[axelzamboni]

Quick thing on the "ego" part: in italian "io" retains the latin stress, being ['i.o] not ['jo]

[User-gct]

No way no way no way. I'm more excited that this video dropped than how excited I've been for blockbusters coming to cinemas

[enelabe]

Some tiny remarks about Catalan:

6:14 Catalan's "standard" pronunciation of the "l" is still [ɫ] even if it is gradually getting lost because of Spanish influence!
8:15 Some dialects of Catalan (predominantly in Mallorca but also some dialects in València) also keep the [v] sound.

[Sorin]

The older form was ”țeară”, more recognizable in respects to its etymon, lat.terra, and it had other meanings than ”country” or ”countryside”. For example, in Vrancea ”ț(e)ară” was the place where agricultural produce were grown, according to 19th c. linguistic inquiry, so a synonym for dated ”agru” (lat.ager, agrum). In other parts ”țeara” was the ”field area” contrasted by the mountainous roum.
Another thing, leu ”lion” (lat. leō, pl. leōnēs) had an older form ”lăun” (Viski Manuscript), that I suspect was *lăune in older times (before 16th c.), coming from lat. (accus.) leōnem. Romanian rarely has the nominative forms of Latin (omu, pl.oameni < lat.homō, pl. hominēs), but instead uses the accusative, and the masculine nominative ending -u was lost fairly late in our history. 'Omu' and 'omulu' (”the man”) were still used by writers of late 19th century.

fărină is the dated form of 'făină', and 'a zice' (”to say”) or the short&older infinitive 'zicere' had an affricate [ʣ] written with ḑ (a ḑice, ḑicere). Fell gradually out of use since the 18th century, heard only in the countryside as late as 1950. The short infinitive became a noun with the verb's meaning: zicere 'saying'.
About gint, the correct form was ginte (lat.gentem), now dated, and gint meant ”born”, as in ”singur gint” ”born alone” (lat. genitus).

If inherited, stație would have sounded *stăciune.

[francinze]

Italian viewer here, loved the content. About the shift from the "TI+vowel" pattern, you correctly mentioned that your example "stationem", is a loanword. It was almost literally picked out of the latin dictionary by modern humanists in the Renaissance. Due to the fashion of the time, they left the latin word almost identical and only 'italianized' the ending ('stationem' to 'stazione'), and they adopted the 'z' following the ecclesiastical pronunciation of Latin, which was the one used by the Church at the time (BTW this pronunciation is proven to have no historical connection to Classical OR Vulgar Latin whatsoever).
We call this set of words taken from latin on a later stage, 'vocaboli dotti' (cultured words).
But there is another child of the latin 'TI', the one that followed the live development of phonology throughout the middle ages. In italian at least, this evolved into 'GI-'. Some examples are:
- rationem ("motive, cause") --> ragione ("reason")
- stationem ("resting place, stop") --> stagione ("season")
As you can see, the two different evolutions also made it to English, through the Normans and the French ('saison' and 'raison' in our case).
So if you wonder whether 'desk' and 'disk' are related, yes they come from the exact same word.

[Victor-rvcq]

It's so nice youtubers remembering Catalan exists and latin languages aren't just Spanish French and Italian lmao

[carmi]

About the qua gua/ pa ba shift in Romanian happens in Sardinian too. Infact "Language" is Limba like in Romanian

[the_doomcliff]

Great video, as always, but it's a bit too fast to comprehensibly follow. I'd make bigger stops between the sections to separate them a bit.

[oglinda]

what a work you've done! Greets to all our latin friends from the Republic of Moldova

[RazvanMaioru]

6:03 just a note on the Romanian „oară”, this means "time" in the usage of e.g. "5 times"/"the only time" (although it's not used for "once / one time"). While it's definitely still descended from the same latin root, there's also the word „oră”, meaning "hour", which might make for a better comparison imo.

Also at 9:53, „făină” is 3 syllables: [fə'inə], in the same stress pattern as the rest of the languages.

Finally, while your pronunciation of „eu” as [jo] is a valid pronunciation and very common in quick speech, „eu” is commonly pronounced on a spectrum [jo~jow~jəw~jew]. There are also speakers that, due to hypercorrection, don't preiotate words like various conjugations of „a fi” (e.g. ești, este, e, eram, erai, etc.) or the pronouns (e.g. ea, el, or indeed eu) so they pronounce it [ew], exactly as written. Basically there's a bunch of ways to pronounce it, including the one you chose.

Otherwise great video, it was very interesting and the pronunciation was far better than I've come to expect from online videos not made by native speakers. I fully expected to notice a bunch more mistakes but there really was just the one, the stress on „făină”, which is understandable because the spelling is ambiguous. „Faină”, for example, has the stress pattern you gave despite being spelled very similar. Admittedly that's a loanword from English "fine", but there's also „haină” which also has the same stress.

[davidl]

Little correction at 7:50, Romanian _leu_ is most likely an older borrowing from Latin, since a directly inherited work would have given _*ieu_, as it happened with _iepure_ ("rabbit", < Lat. _leporem_ ). The fact that Romanian has both a lot of inherited words AND neologisms from Latin has given rise to many doublets. For instance, Lat. _monumentum_ has been borrowed as Ro. _monument_, but inherited as Ro. _mormânt_ ("grave"). It's really interesting.

Also, /h/ exists in Romanian words of Latin origin, but has developed from /v/ or /f/. For example, the verb _a se holba_ from Lat. _volvere_, or _hier_, regional variant of _fier_ ("iron").

Great job with the video and pronunciation otherwise, I'm happy to have just stumbled upon your channel. :)

[matteo-ciaramitaro]

Important to note that there are many italo dalmatian languages, not just the one. While they're often called dialetti in italy, they are generally understood to be languages of their own right with large differences between them resulting in a large lack of intelligibility.

In standard Italian /s/ and /z/ are written with the same letter, but there are minimal pairs if we consider sounds across multiple words, and many many if we consider near minimal pairs, where the difference is not conditional on the environment around the consonant. The problem is that due to the influence of regional languages of italy, s and z lost phonemic distinction in most of Italy. Distinction is preserved in florence, the origin of standard italian.

[aroma]

Some Things about romanian:
The dark l sound actually became a w in between vowels, lets take words stea(star), zi(day) and cățea(she-dog), they evolved from latin stella, diella, and catella respectively, but they have archaic and or regional prononciations like steauă, cățeauă and ziuă, which explains their definite forms, also aromanian has these archaisims as the normal forms, mainly steaua/stiau, cătsauă/cătsau and dzua.
Also the f-h change of spanish happened in romanian on a dialectal level aswell, in my dialect of romanian, f becomes h before i and e, so fier becomes hier, fiu becomes hiu, and so on, but unlike spanish, the h is still pronounced

[Lthenn]

To avoid consonant clusters starting with s at the beginning of a word, following the preposition "in", some words in Italian used to get an "i" before them. For instance: "spalla" (shoulder), "in ispalla" (on the shoulders); "strada" (road), "in istrada" (on the road); "scherzo" (joke/prank), "per ischerzo" (as a joke). You can find these expressions in books from just 60 years ago, but now they've completely disappeared, with the exception of "scritto" (writ); "per iscritto" (written/on paper).

[Lluis_Cat]

Most Catalan native speakers do dark L, I still do. In fact, when Spanish people mock our accent they always note our Ls.

[DavidRosenfield-oy]

I want to make a "Britanish" conlang that is a hypothetical where Rome fell, but the Anglo-Saxons never invaded in 451 AD. Vulgar Latin persisted in Britannia and took its own evolutionary path, with a Celtic superstrate. It would have existed as a prestige language, mingling with Celtic Brittonic and ultimately supplanting it the way French supplanted Gaulish and Ibero-Romance supplanted Iberian Celtic.

This resource is *invaluable* to me, and saves me a lot of time poring over phoneme charts until my eyes glaze over. Thank you!

[InRegardsToMetal]

This is a great video but could I recommend that in the future you read the words from the descendant languages in the same order each time? I kept getting confused and having to rewatch those portions of the videos if, for instance, I wanted to focus on how Portuguese changed.