gears

Gears
Gears are among the most important power transmission elements. A gear is a rotating machine element having cut teeth which mesh with another toothed part, usually having teeth of similar size and shape, in order to transmit power. Two or more gears working together are called a “transmission” (or gear set) and can produce “mechanical advantage” and thus may be considered a simple machine. The mechanical advantage is a measure of the force or torque amplification that is obtained using mechanical devices.
When two gears mesh with one gear bigger than the other (the size of the teeth must match thus the bigger gear has more teeth), a mechanical advantage is obtained where the rotational speeds and the torques of the two gears will be different. Since the input and output power must be equal (ignoring friction losses), there is an inverse relationship between the speed and torque ratios (the small gear will have higher speed and lower torque and the larger gear will have lower speed and higher torque).
A transmission (or gear set) can be used to change the speed, torque, direction of rotation, direction of a power source, or the type of motion. The most common configuration for a gear is to mesh with another gear, however, a gear can also mesh with a non-rotating toothed part, called a “rack”, thereby producing translation instead of rotation, as shown in the figure. Such arrangement is refered to as “rack and pinion” and it is commonly used in the steering systems of automobiles.
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MENG 204 - Mechanical Drawing Lecture Notes by: Dr. Ala Hijazi👍
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[daviddavids]

in case you are interested. every gear ever made is/was a Rotary 2nd-class LEVER. why. for any two meshing gears, energy/force is transmitted between them at a their common mesh-point; which is at a Fixed Point. in order to appreciate this concept, thinking in automotive terms, where power 'comes out of ' an axle, Must be eschewed.
in context, then, a wheel and axle is a single object and functions as a Rotary 2nd-class Lever. this principle is THE KEY to the Efficiency of any wind turbine or hydroturbine, including the waterwheel. (why do you think a bigger wind turbine is more efficient than a smaller one. one reason is that longer rotor blades (spokes) have, inherently, a greater moment arm/leverage, at the center of rotation. note that in many cases, a wind turbine employs a 'reverse' planetary gearset. where the rotor hub is mounted to the RINGGEAR. see my channel, if it suits. see linked video and my comments there. cheers

a brief physics discussion: because rotary motion is Not vector, it should be considered SCALAR. THIS IS A VERY BIG DEAL. this, then, explains the correlate with variations in Torque-as-force throughout a geared, or otherwise rotary, system (where vectors dare not go). conclusion: it SHOULD be possible to design a mechanism optimized for the Torque Multiplication Effect, of a Rotary 2nd-class LEVER. this can be achieved by incorporating at least one 'true-length' rotary lever. in other words, a wheel/rotary lever whose inherent MA is a result of a lever of greater length.

imagine. imagine a utility-scale wind turbine. imagine a rim is mounted at the ends of the rotor blades. the rim is NOW LOCATED at the orbit of the end-point of a rotary 2nd-class lever; where leverage is Greatest. so this is WHERE force/energy Should be applied. an electrically-powered mechanism is used to convert a known amount of electrical power (watts) to input force/joules/etc. ( the reverse is done for output energy. ) a key design imperative, is the need for the prime mover/inputpowerunit to have Mechanical Advantage over the load, overall.