Group 7 Halogens Elements Properties | Volatility, Melting points, Oxidation Reduction reactions

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This video includes detailed explanation of compiled Multiple choice questions from A-Level 9701 Chemistry CIE

The topic explained is "The properties of elements of group 7 i.e Halogens such as Volatility, Oxidizing properties, Melting points, Oxidation Reduction reactions etc"

You can go through these solved questions to develop deep understanding of concept and its applications
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GROUP 17 – HALOGENS

Trends in Colour and Volatility:

Fluorine:
Yellow Gas

Chlorine:
Yellow-Green Gas

Bromine:
Orange-Brown Liquid

Iodine:
Grey-Blue Solid

Astatine:
Black Solid

• As atomic number increases, the number of electrons increases, this increases VDW forces so stronger bonds thus m.p./b.p. increases and volatility decreases

Oxidising Ability:
• Halogens have high electron affinity (they gain electrons easily) hence they are good oxidising agents
• Oxidising ability decreases down the group because electron affinity decreases as atomic size increases

Reaction of Elements with Hydrogen:
X2(g) + H2(g) → 2HX(g)
HF Reacts explosively in all conditions
HCl Reacts explosively in sunlight
HBr Reacts slowly on heating
HI Forms an equilibrium mixture on heating

Thermal stability of halogen hydrides decreases down the group because:
• Size of halogen atom increases ∴ nuclear attraction decreases
• The H – X bond becomes longer and weaker
• Thus less energy needed to break the bond
• Bond energies decrease down the group

Halide ions and aq. Silver Ions:
Ag+(aq) + X-(aq) → AgX(s)

Cl- White ppt. (Precipitate dissolves in dil. or conc. Ammonia)
Br- Cream ppt. (Precipitate dissolves in conc. Ammonia)
I- Yellow ppt. (Precipitate does not dissolves)

• The solubility of these ppts. are tested with dilute and conc. aq. ammonia to confirm presence of ion.
• If ppt. dissolves, it forms a complex ion:
AgX(s) + 2NH3(aq) → [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) + X-
• The complex ion formed is called Diammine Silver(I) ion
[𝐻3𝑁 ∶⟶ 𝐴𝑔 ←∶ 𝑁𝐻3]+

Uses of Halogens:

• Fluorine:
To make chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs)
As fluoride in toothpaste
To make polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) – non sticking coating in pots and pans

• Bromine and Iodine:
Manufacture of photographic films

• Chlorine:
In bleaches
To make PVC and chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs)
As solvents

• Use of chlorine in water purification:
The oxidising power of chlorine is used in treatment of water to kill bacteria
Cl2(aq) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) + HClO(aq)
HClO(aq) → HCl(aq) + O
This disproportionation reaction produces reactive oxygen atoms which kill bacteria

Timestamps:

00:00 Introduction
00:24 Question no. 1 Astatine Properties
02:06 Question no. 2 Volatility of Halogen
03:20 Question no. 3 Halogen Elements and Compounds
05:26 Question no. 4 Volatility, Oxidising property
06:51 Question no. 5 Astatine Properties
09:23 Question no. 6 Chlorine, Bromine Properties
11:33 Question no. 7 Volatility of Halogens
13:00 Question no. 8 Volatility Trend
15:21 Question no. 9 Halogens Properties
17:19 Question no. 10 Trend in Melting Point

[LucidMindChem]

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