Indian Monsoon Explained: Key Insights for UPSC Aspirants | Revision through Animation | UPSC 2024

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In this session, we will be discuss Indian Monsoon from Indian Geography, which is important part of UPSC syllabus.
Here’s a concise summary of the Indian Monsoon for UPSC preparation:

1. What is the Indian Monsoon?
The Indian Monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal of winds accompanied by heavy rainfall, primarily occurring in the Indian subcontinent during the summer season. It is a defining feature of India's climate, affecting agriculture, water resources, and the economy.
2. Mechanism of Monsoon
Differential Heating: The landmass of India heats up faster than the surrounding water bodies (Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea), creating a low-pressure zone over the Indian subcontinent.
High-Pressure Area: The Indian Ocean and the surrounding seas maintain a relatively high-pressure area during summer.
Wind Reversal: As a result, moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea are drawn towards the land, moving from high pressure to low pressure, bringing rains.
Southwest Monsoon: This is the summer monsoon that brings about 80% of India’s total rainfall. It occurs from June to September.
Northeast Monsoon: Occurs during the winter months (October to December) when the winds reverse, blowing from the northeast. It mainly brings rainfall to Tamil Nadu and the southeastern coast.
3. Factors Influencing Monsoon
ITCZ (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone): The ITCZ shifts northward in summer, attracting the moisture-laden southwest monsoon winds.
El Niño and La Niña: El Niño weakens the Indian monsoon, while La Niña strengthens it by impacting sea surface temperatures in the Pacific.
Tibetan Plateau Heating: The intense heating of the Tibetan Plateau during summer aids in the establishment of the monsoon by creating low pressure.
Jet Streams: The position of the subtropical westerly jet stream and easterly jet stream influences the onset and withdrawal of the monsoon.
4. Stages of Monsoon
Onset: The monsoon typically hits the Indian mainland around June 1st, starting from the Kerala coast.
Progression: It then spreads northward to cover the entire subcontinent by mid-July.
Withdrawal: The monsoon begins to withdraw from the northwest by early September, completely retreating by October.
5. Impact of Indian Monsoon
Agriculture: Indian agriculture, particularly kharif crops like rice, depends heavily on monsoon rains. Poor monsoon leads to droughts and agricultural failure.
Water Resources: Monsoon is vital for recharging rivers, lakes, and groundwater reserves across India.
Economy: A good monsoon boosts economic activities, especially in the rural sector, while a weak monsoon affects crop yields and increases inflation.
Floods and Droughts: While the monsoon brings much-needed rains, it can also cause floods in some regions (like Bihar and Assam) and droughts in others (like Rajasthan).
6. Monsoon Variability
Inter-annual variability: Some years experience more rainfall (excess monsoon), while others experience less (deficient monsoon).
Regional Disparity: Regions like the Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall, while areas like Rajasthan and Gujarat remain relatively dry due to the uneven distribution of monsoon.
7. Recent Changes and Challenges
Climate Change: Rising global temperatures have been altering monsoon patterns, making rainfall less predictable and more extreme (either floods or droughts).
Urban Flooding: Rapid urbanization and poor drainage systems in cities like Mumbai and Chennai have led to frequent flooding during monsoon seasons.
8. Monsoon in India’s Culture
The monsoon is deeply embedded in India’s culture, celebrated through festivals like Onam, and has great significance in Indian literature, music, and daily life.
Understanding the Indian monsoon is critical for UPSC as it touches on various themes like climatology, agriculture, economy, and disaster management

[suchismitadc]

As the South west Monsoon wind blow over the Indian Ocean its has huge number of moisture in it which is why rainfall occurred.
But north east Monsoon wind blow over land for that this wind brings dryness, as it has less moisture in it.

[gunjanchauhan]

Sir your voice is soothens to ears and this vedio is creating a pictographical memory in minds of veiwers. Thanku so much for such great efforts.

[smile]

Ye video bahut kam ka hai quick revision ke liye 👌👌👌☺

[lichamahanta]

I don't know why so many negative comments but muje to is video se hi atche se samajh main Aya hain

[sundeutsch]

अपने कोर्स के दौरान असल में in its course (of time) ए अक्षरशः अनुवाद है, जो हिंदी भाषी के लिए समझना मुश्किल है। इसकी जगह "समय के साथ" अगले महीनों में इत्यादि का प्रयोग किया जा सकता था।

[rohitsoni]

Those people who are making negative comments need to work on their basics....
The explanation is crystal clear...
Great video 👍

[LOKESHKUMARPAL-ks]

it was very helpful in building my understanding about Indian monsoon... thank you sir

[AnitaSingh-xnus]

Such a quick and understanding video it is
I learnt many things in less time thankyou much 😊

[nituchoudhary]

Initially we have conclude that if there is low pressure belt might form then velocity of that zone is homologous, in addition pressure inverly proptional to velocity of air

[anamikastudypoint]

Thank you pw ....you are the best nd best ❤❤ Your content is always perfect❤you means everything ❤

[bidishasaikia]

Such a productive video.. thank you sir 🎉❤

[SWPRAN_YADAV]

Itna अच्छे से आज तक किसी ने नहीं समझाया❤❤❤❤

[worldexplorer]

Clearly to know about Indian monsoon at multi dynamic level with several factors at single time session

[pragya]

Monsoon is just like success pure Sal mehnt kro monsoon Ajay to fasal achi ho Jaye
😅

[Vulcan]

Ye voice jyada acha hai baaki voices se

[avijitmahato.]

Bohot mazza aya concept bohot haddtak clear ho gaya 😊

[fieryflamingo]

Awesome explanation....the concept was revisable with a lot of ease....please bring more such videos.

[vishwajeetkumar]

Jaise film ek ek baat yaad rahta hai waise hin ye bhi baat yaad rahega pure geography ko isi tarah samjhaiye sir please

[aanshiagnihotri]

crystal clear explanation . thank you sir🙂

[sibajena]

It's very helpful for understanding monsoon of India.