Pulmonary Embolism: Investigations, Diagnosis & Management

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In this video we explain the investigation, diagnosis and management of pulmonary emboli. We use simple explanations and diagrams that are easy to understand, aimed at helping medical students and healthcare professionals of all levels.

Timestamps:
00:19 - Investigations & Diagnosis
10:30 - Management
12:01 - Treatment
15:08 - Summary

Pulmonary (relating to the lungs) and embolism (lodging of an emboli) refers to an occlusion within the pulmonary arteries that restricts blood flow to the lung tissue. It is usually the result of a blood clot that has formed in a different part of the body that has travelled through the venous system until it becomes lodged within the pulmonary arteries. The evaluation of patients can be difficult due to the non-specific signs and symptoms that may or may not be present, especially in the pre-hospital environment where diagnostic testing is not available. That’s why an important aspect of the diagnosis involves evaluation of risk factors and pre-disposing factors. To help assess the likelihood of a patient suffering from a Pulmonary Embolism the Wells score can be utilised. The Wells score is also used to help guide management and will result in either a CT pulmonary angiogram or D-Dimer assay being conducted. Other investigations may include a chest x-ray, ECG and arterial blood gas. Pre-hospital management should be focused on assessment and heamodynamic stability. Patients can suffer an a asymptomatic, symptomatic, submissive or massive pulmonary embolism based on their presentation, not the size of the clot. This will help guide treatment.

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Although this video is designed to provide education, it should not be used to guide clinical practice, treatment or medical decision making. These videos are designed to provide a detailed overview of each topic, and although a lot of research goes into each video errors can occur and medical practice, medical information and protocols may change over time, which is why it is important to follow local and national guidelines. These videos do not constitute medical advice, medical advice should be obtained from an appropriate healthcare provider or senior clinician.