How does a QR code work?

How does a QR code work?
If you've been out to a restaurant pretty much anywhere during or since the pandemic, you've likely been presented with a little black and white box on your table and asked to scan it to get the menu.
QR codes have many other uses including being used in advertising campaigns so people can scan them and be taken to a company's website, and taking people to a specific application in the apple or google play store when scanned. In some cases QR codes are even put on graves and when scanned bring up an online biography, including images and videos of the deceased person!
So we've all seen them everywhere but how do they actually work?
When you scan the QR code with your phone or other device the camera first pickup these 3 large squares called finder patterns, these tell the device you're using that its looking at a QR code and where the boundaries are.
The alignment marker here is used as a reference point so the code can be scanned at any angle, if you try scanning one upside down it will still work due to this alignment marker.
The timing pattern here runs horizontally and vertically from the finder patterns and enable the scanner to determine the width of each single module so it can be read correctly.
This section here contains the version information as there are several different types of QR code the one we are looking at is the most common version and is known as a static qr code.
The rest of the QR code is the data, in our case a URL, the black and white blocks represent binary numbers or ones and zeros with black representing 1 and white representing zero. Binary numbers can be converted into alphanumeric characters. Here's a quick example of some letters in the alphabet written in binary code. Your phone reads the data in sections of 8 squares. which gives it strings of 8 numbers which are all 1's and zero's. If you look back to our table of the alphabet you can see how each letter has a corresponding string of 8 1's and zero's. This gives your phone the alphanumeric characters needed to create the URL. This is how your phone gets the URL from a qr code.
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[se-riij]

Thank you, I always wanted to know how this works. I didn’t know you could convert letters to binary numbers that sparked a whole new inspiration for me to create a code in the story I’m writing . Thank you ❤