Greco-Turkish War - Treaty of Sèvres I THE GREAT WAR 1920

While the Greco-Turkish War was still raging, the last of the peace treaties between the Allies and the Central Powers was finalized in Paris. But the Turkish Nationalist Movement under Mustafa Kemal would not accept the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres - even though the Ottoman government had signed it.

» SUPPORT THE CHANNEL

» OUR PODCAST

» BUY OUR SOURCES IN OUR AMAZON STORES
*Buying via this link supports The Great War (Affiliate-Link)

» SOURCES
Halide Edib Adivar, The Turkish Ordeal: Being the Further Memoirs of Halidé Edib, (Piscataway : Gorgias Press, 2012)

John Darwin, Britain, Egypt and the Middle East, (London : Macmillan Press, 1981)

M.L. Dockrill and J. D. Goold. Peace Without Promise: Britain and the Peace Conferences, 1919-1923 (Connecticut : Hamden, 1981)

T G Fraser, Andrew Mango and Robert McNamara, The Makers of the Modern Middle East, (London : Gingko Library, 2015)

Phillip S Jowett, “Armies of the Greek-Turkish War: 1919-122” Men at Arms, no 501, (2015)

Michael Llewellyn Smith, Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor 1919-1922, (London : Allen Lane, 1973)

Margaret Macmillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World, (London : Macmillan,
2019)

A.E. Montgomery, “The Making of the Treaty of Sevres of 10 August 1920” The Historical Journal Vol. 15, No. 4 (December, 1972)

George Riddell, Lord Riddell’s Intimate Diary of the Peace Conference and After: 1918-1923, (London : Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1933)

» MORE THE GREAT WAR

» OTHER PROJECTS

»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Yves Thimian

Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2020

[ahmetben]

""(...) but the Treaty of Sevres would soon proof to be as fragile as the porcelain displayed around it." best description of the Treaty of Sevres ever...

[alperenerol]

The timing of this video couldn't have been better, whether intentional or not.

[felixhoffmann]

Can we stop a moment and appreciate the new Design? It looks very modern and clean. Great work. Cant wait to see the new studio.

[extrahistory]

Timestamps
1:17 Recap from Previous Ep
3:10 Troubled Peace/ Colliding Allied Interests
9:12 Formal Occupation of Constantinople/ The Treaty of Serves
10:28 Plans Against Kemal
12:16 The Armies: The Greek Forces/ The Turkish Forces
15:46 The Greek Summer Offensive of 1920 
19:40 Overview of the Summer Offence
21:28 Kemal Secures Turkey’s Eastern Borders/ The End of Armenia
23:00 The Unsure Future of Venizelos’ Greater Greece
24:10 The Failure of Sevres/ Kemal’s New Hope
25:31 Curiosity Stream/ 16 Days in Berlin
26:40 Outro and Credits

[handsomegeorgianbankrobber]

If the Treaty of Versailles felt like a slap to the face to the German people then the Treaty of Sevres must have felt like extensive torture to the Turks. If they had accepted this treaty it would have been nothing short of complete humiliation with losing all this territory and being reduced to a rump state.

[jessealexander]

This was supposed to be the last of the big peace treaties to end the Great War - but we'll have the challenge of another treaty episode in a few years from now!

[TheBerkay]

Central Anatolian desert? Central Anatolian steppe, that is. C. Anatolia is the literal definition of a steppe. It's not sand dunes, it is plains covered in snow for winter months, grasslands in spring months and dry semi-fertile flatlands in summer months

[izci]

I was reading diary of m kemal ataturk. An anecdote: year1933.There is a cocktail in istanbul celebrating 10 th year republic. British ambassador looking to ataturk fiercely. Ataturk sended his servant officer to learn if sth wrong with ambassador.The servant returns he:"ecellency, the ambassadors father was injured at Gallipoli war and returned to u.k. in serious mental situation as veteran.thats why he wad looking fiercely" ataturk said servant :" Then go and ask, what was his father doing at Gallipoli?" After servant asked question, ambassador left the saloon...

[kalepox]

Fun fact : Armenia was the first country to recognise Republic of Turkey with the “gumru agreement”

[thebirdmapper]

18:50 Jesse, amazing video and great new design but I'm sure that Turkey has no deserts. Kind regards.

[flammenengel]

I am not a historian, but I have read a slightly different story in various sources. The Ottoman Empire wanted an alliance with England. Most of the Turkish leadership wanted a pact with England. But despite some efforts, there was no acceptance from the British. The German Reich then took advantage of this situation and handed the two warships over to the Ottomans. The Ottomans were so important to the German Empire because there was a plan to declare a holy war between the Muslims and the British. Since the Ottoman ruler, as the caliph, was also the head of the Muslims, it was of course important to pull him over to the German side. In the Ottoman leadership, only a minority around Enver Pascha was in favor of an alliance with the German Empire. As I said, the majority of the Ottoman leadership was in favor of an alliance with the British. But the British did not answer the Ottoman efforts and played for time. To the best of my knowledge, it was a British plan to get their hands on the area of ​​the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East. Hence the wait and see tactic. Which only aimed to be able to take action against the Ottoman Empire at the right time.

[brokenbridge]

I would love to see more on the Greco-Turkish War. From start till the end. Because i find that war really interesting. Great job.

[heinrichkressenstein]

The Soldiers saluting kemal pasha with german stahlhelm represents german influence in turkish army

[MadMogsy]

Well this comment section has already degenerated to the point where we could call it the 2nd Greco Turkish war... Here's hoping for an armistice?

[mahiraltnalev]

Kendi tarihimizi yabancı kanallardan bu kadar detaylı bir şekilde izlemek harika böyle videoların devamı gelsin

[albertofrankdiaz]

Kemal: we are going to war for our country
adviser: but we would fight Greece, Italia, France and England
Kemal: so its a fair fight.

(i know there was little fight against the last 3, but they have several thousends of soldiers in turkish territory anyway)

[orkunberkb]

-Bukharan Peoples Republic sent golds and *Sword of Tamerlane* to Turkey from old Khans treasury They demanded first Turkish military officer who walk in Izmir in retake parade should be carry that sword. Sword of Tamerlane carried by Captain Kemalettin in retake ceramony of Izmir. After the the parade, Sword given to museum but stolen from there and nobody knows where is it now. Also Soviets siezed Bukharan gold ait to Turkey and pay us that support as mossin-nagant rifles and ammo.
-Turkish retreat in 1920 is considered "first succesfull tactical retreat in Turkish military history". Some interntions like in 1913 ended as a failure with huge disorganization due to retreating battalions couldnt menage it succesfully and many soldiers started to run with fear.
-Turkish army had only 4 planes, 1 of them was from Italian army, İtalians lefted behind it and many other supplies when retreating some parts of Anatolia without a fight.
-When i saw anything about Turkish War of Indepence and treatry of serves, I always remember *Hungarian* suttrugle against *Triannon.* I wish they won their suttrugle against an unfair "peace" treatry too. *Mindannyian Attila Unokai Vakyung*

[awolpeace]

Sometimes the pen fails to gain acceptance, making the sword mightier.

[theodorevogiatzis]

Flo, Jesse and the whole team did as always a fantastic job. I've been watching the channel since 2015 and the graphics have improved so much

[-xq]

Turkey 1920: Mustaches
Turkey 2020: Million Mustaches