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General Guan Yu from the Three Kingdoms

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Guan Yu was one of the five outstanding generals who served Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China.
He is often featured as a red-face warrior with a distinctive long beard, carrying a long blade that looks like a halberd—a medieval weapon. The blade—about five to six-foot long—was said to weigh about 40 pounds.
According to some ancient texts, he was born between 160 and 162 AD in Hedong—the present day Yuncheng City in southwest Shanxi province.
As a young man in his early twenties, Guan Yu fled from his hometown after killing a local bully. Five years later, he met and joined Liu Bei to fight the Yellow Turban rebels. He, and another famous warrior, Zhang Fei, became the sworn brothers of Liu Bei.
General Guan Yu played a major part in the battles leading to the fall of the Han Dynasty and the creation of the Shu state during the Three Kingdoms era, in which Liu Bei became the first ruler.
Guan Yu was known for his loyalty to Liu Bei. After Cao Cao's soldiers captured him, Guan Yu surrendered to protect Liu Bei's family. He served under Cao Cao for a short period and left as soon as he heard about Liu Bei's whereabouts.
Much of Guan Yu's true-life stories have been embellished by the historical novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Some of these embellishments included stories about how he killed six of Cao Cao's generals when he left to reunite with Liu Bei, and then later, allowing the defeated Cao Cao escape at Huarong Trail after the Battle of the Red Cliff.
Another story about Guan Yu talks about the legendary Chinese physician Hua Tuo performing surgery on his arm after a poisoned arrow wounded him. The story has it that Guan Yu sat calmly playing a game of weiqi, or Chinese chess, during the surgery.
Guan Yu was later defeated and executed by Sun Quan in 219 AD, at the Battle of Fancheng, after he refused to surrender.
After his death, people started to worship Guan Yu as a god. This started during the Sui Dynasty. Confucian followers paid respects to him. Taoists revered him as a guardian deity, while Buddhists honored him as a Sangharama Bodhisattva—protector of the Buddhist dharma.
As a deity, he was called by different names, including the "Saintly Emperor Guan" (關聖帝君) and "Guan Gong," meaning Lord Guan.
Many Chinese throughout the centuries worshipped Guan Yu as Guandi (関帝)—the god of war. His name epitomized loyalty, justice, and righteousness. Today, there are temples and shrines devoted to him in mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and throughout South East Asia.
Numerous films, Chinese operas, television drama series, card games, and even video games have also popularized the story of Guan Yu.
Margaret Trey, PhD.
He is often featured as a red-face warrior with a distinctive long beard, carrying a long blade that looks like a halberd—a medieval weapon. The blade—about five to six-foot long—was said to weigh about 40 pounds.
According to some ancient texts, he was born between 160 and 162 AD in Hedong—the present day Yuncheng City in southwest Shanxi province.
As a young man in his early twenties, Guan Yu fled from his hometown after killing a local bully. Five years later, he met and joined Liu Bei to fight the Yellow Turban rebels. He, and another famous warrior, Zhang Fei, became the sworn brothers of Liu Bei.
General Guan Yu played a major part in the battles leading to the fall of the Han Dynasty and the creation of the Shu state during the Three Kingdoms era, in which Liu Bei became the first ruler.
Guan Yu was known for his loyalty to Liu Bei. After Cao Cao's soldiers captured him, Guan Yu surrendered to protect Liu Bei's family. He served under Cao Cao for a short period and left as soon as he heard about Liu Bei's whereabouts.
Much of Guan Yu's true-life stories have been embellished by the historical novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Some of these embellishments included stories about how he killed six of Cao Cao's generals when he left to reunite with Liu Bei, and then later, allowing the defeated Cao Cao escape at Huarong Trail after the Battle of the Red Cliff.
Another story about Guan Yu talks about the legendary Chinese physician Hua Tuo performing surgery on his arm after a poisoned arrow wounded him. The story has it that Guan Yu sat calmly playing a game of weiqi, or Chinese chess, during the surgery.
Guan Yu was later defeated and executed by Sun Quan in 219 AD, at the Battle of Fancheng, after he refused to surrender.
After his death, people started to worship Guan Yu as a god. This started during the Sui Dynasty. Confucian followers paid respects to him. Taoists revered him as a guardian deity, while Buddhists honored him as a Sangharama Bodhisattva—protector of the Buddhist dharma.
As a deity, he was called by different names, including the "Saintly Emperor Guan" (關聖帝君) and "Guan Gong," meaning Lord Guan.
Many Chinese throughout the centuries worshipped Guan Yu as Guandi (関帝)—the god of war. His name epitomized loyalty, justice, and righteousness. Today, there are temples and shrines devoted to him in mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and throughout South East Asia.
Numerous films, Chinese operas, television drama series, card games, and even video games have also popularized the story of Guan Yu.
Margaret Trey, PhD.
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