Zoho Coding Quiz 30 | C Debugging Quiz | Arithmetic Calculation on while loop

In this quiz, we will focus on understanding loop behavior and debugging C programs. You'll debug a program that uses while loops and print statements to determine the correct output.

Concept Breakdown:

While Loops in C:
A while loop continuously executes a block of code as long as the condition specified remains true.

First loop: The loop multiplies n by itself (n = n * n) until n becomes greater than or equal to 100. This leads to exponential growth.
Second loop: Once n exceeds 100, the second loop divides n by 2 (n = n / 2) until n becomes less than or equal to 100. This results in a gradual reduction.

Understanding the Code Flow:
The program starts with n = 2.
In the first loop, n increases exponentially by being multiplied by itself until n exceeds 100.
The second loop then divides n by 2 until n becomes less than or equal to 100.
Finally, printf prints the value of n.

Explanation of Program Flow:

First while Loop Execution:
The initial value of n is 2.
The first loop keeps multiplying n by itself until it exceeds 100.
First iteration: n = 2 * 2 = 4
Second iteration: n = 4 * 4 = 16
Third iteration: n = 16 * 16 = 256
Now, n = 256, and the loop stops since n is greater than or equal to 100.

Second while Loop Execution:
Now, n = 256, and the second loop starts, which divides n by 2 until n becomes less than or equal to 100.
First iteration: n = 256 / 2 = 128
Second iteration: n = 128 / 2 = 64
Now, n = 64, and the loop stops since n is less than 100

Output:
After both loops, the value of n is 64, and the program prints it using printf("%d", n);.

Key Concepts:

Exponential Growth in Loops:
The first while loop uses n = n * n, causing n to grow very quickly. In this case, the loop only runs a few times before n exceeds 100.

Reduction in Value:
The second while loop divides n by 2 repeatedly, reducing the value until it reaches or drops below 100.

Final Output:
After the loops have finished, the program prints the final value of n, which is 64.

Practice Challenge:
Try changing the initial value of n to a different number, like 4 or 5, and observe how the output changes. What happens when n starts at 4? What about when it starts at 5?

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