NCERT Class 12 Practical Geography Chapter 4: Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping

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computer is an electronic device. It consists of various sub-systems, like memory, micro-processor, input system and output system.
computer is a fast and a versatile machine that can perform simple arithmetic operations, such as, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and can also solve complex mathematical, formulae. It also performs simple logical operations, distinguishing zero from non-zero and plus from minus and discharge the results. In short, a computer is a data processor that can perform substantial computation, including numerous arithmetic or logical operations, without intervention by a human operator during the run.

Spatial Data: Point, Line, Area
Point data represent positional characteristics of some of the geographical features, such as schools, hospitals, wells, tube-wells, towns and villages
Linear features, like roads, railway lines, canals, rivers, power and communication lines
Polygons are made of a number of inter-connected lines, bounding a certain area, and are used to show area features such as administrative units (countries, districts, states, blocks); land use types (cultivated area, forest lands, degraded/waste lands, pastures, etc.) and features, like ponds, lakes
Non-spatial Data
name of the school, subject stream it offers, number of students in each class, schedule of admissions, teaching and examinations, available facilities
The geographical data are available in analogue (map and aerial photographs) or digital form (scanned images)
mapping softwares, such as ArcGIS, ArcView, Geomedia, GRAM, Idrisi, Geometica
Opensource – QGIS
choropleth mapping using a mapping software #examrace #upsc #ugcnet

[khushboojain]

Please explain the 2 and 3 chapter of geography practical class 12
🙏

[musfikmalik]

Name musfik roll no 19 c-block Dilshad garden

[dileeppatel]

Hello mem, , practical geography 11& 12 ncert ho ske to complete kra dijiye hindi medium walo k lye