Eternal Inflation: The BEST MULTIVERSE Theory of Reality

Background video on Cosmic Inflation:

References:

Chapters:
0:00 - Why inflation? Why eternal inflation?
1:46 - Science vs God documentary
2:53 - How random radioactive decay is like inflation
5:40 - Show multiple universes could form
7:52 - Standard theory vs Eternal inflation theory
9:24 - What is the nature of the other universes?
10:28 - How do we prove the existence of multiverses?
12:04 - Stephen Hawking's last paper
12:26 - From Copernicus to insignificance

Summary:
The big bang model has some problems - homogeneity, flatness, and lack of magnetic monopoles.
Cosmic Inflation occurred when the entire universe shortly after its beginning, expanded exponentially fast for a fraction of a second. One implication of this is that the universe on large scales may not be so homogenous. Inflation could have ended at different times in different places. This would mean that the universe is bigger and more complex than we realize. This concept is called ETERNAL inflation.

Inflation occurred due to the decay of the scalar inflation field. It decayed into other fields and particles. After this expansion, the universe kept expanding but at a much slower rate. The length of inflation can be calculated, but this only tells us how long it should last ON AVERAGE.

But quantum mechanics means there will be randomness. Inflation could last a bit longer or shorter than expected in different parts of the universe. This is analogous to radioactive decay where half life results in some atoms decaying and others not. We cannot predict which atoms will decay and which will not. Inflation may work similarly.

Like the concept of half-life, quantum uncertainty may cause, half the volume of the expanded universe to stop inflating after a fraction of a second, but it could continue in the other half of the universe. The part where inflation stopped would be like a bubble universe.

But space continues expanding exponentially in the other half, and after another fraction of a second, a second bubble universe forms. Steinhardt, Linde and Vilenkin showed that if the if the decay of the inflation field happens slower than the rate of expansion of the universe, then inflation could go on forever, creating more and more bubble universes.

Unlike radioactive decay, where all the material decays over time because no new material gets created, eternal inflation could go on forever because new space is being created all the time.

If the theory of eternal inflation is correct, we are inside one of these bubbles. What we think of as the start of the universe may be just the point at which inflation simply ended in our part of the universe. But what the universe is on much larger scales is an unimaginably vast multiverse of universes.

What is the nature of these other universes? The fundamental laws of quantum mechanics should still apply, since inflation is derived from quantum mechanics. Most physicists think there is probably some universal laws of nature that describes the entirety of the multiverse.

Are these universes the same as ours? There is nothing in the laws of physics that requires a universe to have the same laws as ours or same fundamental constants as ours.

We may never be able to directly detect these other universes because the space between them is expanding so fast that no communication at the speed of light could occur. But, wormholes may be able to connect universes. Understanding of high energy physics could give us some clues. Also background gravitational waves may tell us what happened at the beginning of the universe.
#eternalinflation
#multiversetheory
A 2018 paper published posthumously by Steven Hawking and Thomas Hertog alludes to the idea that the background gravitational waves may hold the clues that tell us about whether potential multiverses exist.

[macemoneta]

"We are perhaps even more insignificant than we ever imagined"

I find that strangely comforting.

[GregdeJong]

This kind of video sparks wonder in my mind in a way I recognize from when I was young and first started watching science videos (Sagan, Clarke, others). If adulthood is so often criticized for lacking the imagination and wonder of youth, I for one feel that effect countered when I follow along with newer ideas about origins. Now I can hardly go about my day without perceiving all that I see, as bound energy. Thanks, Arvin!

[johnkotches]

I *think* I understand the topic. The end of inflation, "locally", is the moment our universe's bubble separates from the ongoing expansion to be a discete universe.

Thank you for touching on the possibility that in these multiverses the local laws of physics could be radically different. Given the isolation of the various universes, it's not something we can know.

As someone who isn't a theoretical cosmologist/astrophysicist I appreciate your ability to present vastly complicated topics at understandable levels for those of us who haven't made it our life's work.

[videoinformer]

It is notable that this concept of "multiverse" is completely different from the continuous splitting of reality some have hypothesized takes place as all random possibilities occur in parallel with each other.

[rakshitverma]

This is legit the best inflationary multiverse explanation ever. The end of inflation, locally is the thing I was trying to understand and it was conveyed beautifully with the animation you showed ( and also giving analogy to the radioactive decay). Also, the point that the laws of physics can be completely different in all those pocket universe. Thanks for the video man, really appreciate it.

[lucidmoses]

Man that is the best multiverse explanation I've seen.

[jareknowak]

Massive amount of other Universes may be the solution to "Fine Tuning" mistery.

If the number of the Universes, both, those that currently exist, and those that have already disintegrated, was large enough - then there is no "divine plan", only the calculation of the probability, that in the end there was one (Ours) with physical constants arranged in such a way as to favor the long time existence and even the rise of life.
Just simple process of evolution - many have to die, in order to finally come up with something that has a chance to survive.
Excuse my English.
Thank You for the video!

[NGC-]

It's insane to think that even 10 million years from now in a hyper-advanced human civilization, the top scientists may very still have no idea how the universe came into existence.

[ztnee]

This video blew my mind, thanks. Everyday something new comes up as very smart people keep looking into the simplest, but deepest questions. Some time ago mankind used to believe Earth was flat... now, we can't even imagine what is beyond our deepest look at the sky.

[greglinski]

When my son was about 11 years old he entered a Jaycee Relay Race. He’d never ran track before and didn’t know everybody wore shorts. He came in jeans, to everyone’s amusement. He ran the last leg for his team - and came away the fastest runner of the day, and made up considerable distance to win. This video made me think of that day. How I wish I had been able to see it, instead of only hear and read about it. I was a single mom and had to work. My son was an amazing athlete. ❤️

[-Neutron-Star]

In high school i have done ample half-life calculations, but with out ever wondering which “half” is decaying! I wish I had asked my teacher that question. Thanks Arvin for introducing me to quantum-uncertainty!

[Robertpupo]

Brilliant - 20 min narrative summarising hours of lectures on the subject

[AIbeast]

And sir can you explain what exactly is energy is it just a number that we found that always remain constant that we derived from mathematical model or is it something more subtle much more deeper then we can imagine

[SolveEtCoagula]

I think this is a truly beautiful concept - and one which is very well explained - thank you Arvin. It seems to me that, in a way, we have now combined the old 'solid state' theory of our universe with the 'big bang' theory. Brilliant!

[HypotheticalX]

Man keep up the good work ❤️
Nothing thrills me more than physics but situation have made me to go for engineering! However right after my graduation I got into an accident and been partially disabled since then. And your videos are the only thing that still spark my soul ❤️❤️
thanks 🙏

[meows_and_woof]

It’s so mind blowing it’s difficult to wrap your head around. If there are multiple universes then those universes must be in some kind of common space bubble themselves what would that space called? Is it possible that there is more beyond that as well? Where does it end? Is it possible that those bubble universes are part of some bigger structure which we can’t even comprehend as yet?

[RPGmodsFan]

To me, The Many Worlds Interpretation was always the best explanation. To me, it is the best way to bridge General Relativity with Quantum Mechanics.
To paraphrase Einstein, I just cannot accept that "God plays dice with the 'universe' ".

[protoword]

You are having great content and explanation of things…
I always wait for my SS check every second wensday in a month and your channel to post new video! I love it!!! Thank you very, very much!!!

[xxSgt_Aryes]

Can you please do a video regarding the “Great Attractor” I heard about it somewhere and wonder how it all plays a role in this expansion, hurts my brain!!

[bentationfunkiloglio]

Each time a new video drops, it's like Christmas morning. Such a joy to watch!