The Building Blocks of The Universe - Quarks & Supersymmetry Explained by Brian Greene

One of the most famous theoretical physicist, mathematician, and string theorist Brian Greene explains in great detail the building blocks of the Universe. Quarks came into existence since the very first instants of the universe – less than 1 terasecond after the big bang.

Brian Greene also explains the hard concept of Supersymmetry. Which predicts that each of the particles in the Standard Model has a partner with a spin that differs by half of a unit. So bosons are accompanied by fermions and vice versa.

Brian Greene also mentions how the strong nuclear force gets weaker when quarks are near each other while the opposite is true.
Quarks come up in six different varieties which are: Up, Down, Top, Bottom, Strange, and Charm.

All commonly observable matter in the unvierse is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons.
Quarks have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, mass, color charge, and spin. They are the only elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics to experience all four fundamental interactions.

Since the earliest days of humanity, we have been obsessed with figuring out how things work. And we've come a long way and understand quite a bit of our world. But the vast majority of the inner workings of the universe...Remain unknown.

#bgreene #sciencetime #quarks

"Renowned Physicist Brian Greene Draws Sold Out Crowd at College of DuPage 2018 24" by COD Newsroom is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

[hashdilla]

Hearing your crew talk science has such a calming effect on me. Love it :)

[justinclifton]

I can't get enough of particle physics and human perception along with consciousness. I literally go each day acting as if i am observing the building blocks and seeing true reality 🙃 just for fun but also hoping i rewire my brain to actually do so 😆

[eze]

Just while I was waiting for a science video to watch❤️

[SpotterVideo]

Conservation of Spatial Curvature:
Both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature. (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.)

Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. An artificial Christmas tree can hold the ornaments in place, but it is not a real tree.

String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension? What did some of the old clockmakers use to store the energy to power the clock? Was it a string or was it a spring?

What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine.

Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957–8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)

The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with some aspects of the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”, and the work of Dr. Lisa Randall on the possibility of one extra spatial dimension? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?

When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if Quark/Gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks where the tubes are entangled? (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.

Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Gluons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.

Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change.

Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?

Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?

Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons

. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Could the production of multiple writhe cycles help explain the three generations of quarks and neutrinos? If the twist cycles increase, the writhe cycles would also have a tendency to increase.

Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. ( Mass=1/Length )

The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge.

Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms.

In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.

1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface

137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.

The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)

How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?

Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles?

I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. This topological Soliton model grew out of that simple idea. I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles.

[stargrazer]

I'm such a fan.You guys and gals behind this are the bees knees!!

[jmanj]

8:00, The strong force is so strong that you won't see a quark all by itself. Got it.
What I don't get is how, then, are protons and neutrons composed of three quarks each. Something doesn't add up here.

[williamgidrewicz]

Quarks are like some sort of liver function of the atom. They transmutate dead ethers or dark energy and/or dark matter into vibrant forces. Maybe they are the mediator between the 4th dimension or aspects of such.

[AlmostEthical]

The quarks are a bit like a happy couple with one child. The more you try to pull them apart, the more resistance you meet.

[anandmadigatla]

Quantum gravity which holds this universe, which gets bizarre as we go deeper and deeper 😵‍💫😵‍💫

[jayn]

For people who are not familiar with most of these terms and numbers, I will break this down in simplistic terms.
Basically when the math doesn't add up we begin to imagine what we think is out there and build around it.

[chazsurmonzadandle]

I named all the quarks that make up the particals, that make up the atoms, that make up me "Corkey". They're kinda quirky.

[solapowsj]

Quarks without dynamics with antimatter, Higgs field contributing to mass, and dark energy calls for an effort to keep balance instead of bringing an awesome fact that's incomplete.

[darkmanddk]

Interesting watching the centre if Copenhagen in the beginning. My city is never shown in videos like this :D

[Papa_and_son]

The day we will learn how to cut a magnetic and get the same pole is the day we will learn how to devide quarks

[michaelccopelandsr]

TIME is fascinating. I worked the subway stations for nearly 10 years. From one end of the city to the other. Every so often I would notice the city would be saying that, "Today just flew by" or "The day was just dragging along."  How can an entire city complain about the same TIME paradox unless it was effected by it. Maybe a TIME distorted bubble the earth passes through in its revolution around the sun. Maybe random waves of TIME distortion hitting the earth? Maybe they're randomly given off by the sun. Maybe they're from outside our Terran system and reach us in intervals. ???? There is SO MUCH MORE to TIME than we realize.  TI-I-I-IME, is on my side. Yes, it is!

[jamesruscheinski]

What happens if try to push quarks together where strong force becomes weaker?

[phillipmoore]

I'm just a layman, so I don't have a clue. But, I do have a question. Is ALL this stuff REAL, or is it the most plausable explanation for the math and Hadron collisions, and subject to revisions if we gleen more information in the future?

[raycaster]

I'm a non-theist, but my joke is, physicists redouble their effort to identify and understand all subatomic particles and forces. Suddenly, the sky grows dark, the clouds open up, and there is blinding light.
A deep booming voice says, "Hey, quit looking around in there! There's nothing but gobbledygook there!"

[mahirbarut]

You say maybe they are too small and have zero mass? Have you ever thought that maybe we just seem to be bigger than them while they are actually even too bigger than us since they are too far from us, we observe them as too small. These two options are still on the table, And being small according to who or which location or which observer? ( since everything can be and have to be divided into two forever there is no zero mass in the universe)

[georged]

Brian once said he knows most of the equations of the universe because he feels that he is apart of the universe 🙏🏽 So if we are apart of the universe which everyone is then us humans will in the end know everything about the universe eventually 🙏🏽by George Dean Australia