filmov
tv
Spinning Sphere of Molten Sodium
Показать описание
An experiment on how turbulent convection in Earth's core makes a magnetic field
Companion video to explain Earth's magnetic fields in more detail:
Special thanks to Brady Haran and Periodic Videos for sodium vs water footage. Original clip is here:
Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Donal Botkin, Michael Krugman, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen, Yildiz Kabaran, Terrance Snow, Stan Presolski
I learned a lot in making this video and the one on my second channel with Prof. Jon Arnou. I changed a lot of my preconceptions, specifically I thought:
1. That the Earth's magnetic field was a passive thing - it shouldn't need a continuous input of energy to maintain itself (that seemed reasonable to me because the magnetic field has been around for a long time and it seems mostly stable). But as it turns out, the Earth is a giant electromagnet, and so of course those currents dissipate their energy as they encounter resistance in the liquid metal through which they flow. So the energy to continuously create these currents comes from the kinetic energy of the liquid metal flows in the Earth's outer core.
2. If it's convection, I'm thinking hot things rising, cooler things falling. But apparently the main effect driving convection is the compositional differences at the boundary with the Earth's inner core. This is because of the differential freezing at the boundary. Things like iron freeze into the inner core, while elements like sulfur do not. Hence the pockets of lighter material which then rise outwards.
3. I didn't get why the fluid motion was necessary for the generation of the magnetic field. I mean if it's a conducting liquid, it can conduct currents whether it moves or not. But the key is that the liquid metal can 'trap' magnetic fields. I imagine this like how iron channels magnetic fields. Then once these fields are channeled, they can be pulled and stretched, making more magnetic field.
4. Fluids operate very differently in rotating frames of reference. This is something I didn't intuitively grasp. But, as fluids move from the inner core outwards, those particles are moving much more slowly in the direction of rotation than the matter that has been there for a long time, which means the convection currents get deflected and form helices.
Companion video to explain Earth's magnetic fields in more detail:
Special thanks to Brady Haran and Periodic Videos for sodium vs water footage. Original clip is here:
Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Donal Botkin, Michael Krugman, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen, Yildiz Kabaran, Terrance Snow, Stan Presolski
I learned a lot in making this video and the one on my second channel with Prof. Jon Arnou. I changed a lot of my preconceptions, specifically I thought:
1. That the Earth's magnetic field was a passive thing - it shouldn't need a continuous input of energy to maintain itself (that seemed reasonable to me because the magnetic field has been around for a long time and it seems mostly stable). But as it turns out, the Earth is a giant electromagnet, and so of course those currents dissipate their energy as they encounter resistance in the liquid metal through which they flow. So the energy to continuously create these currents comes from the kinetic energy of the liquid metal flows in the Earth's outer core.
2. If it's convection, I'm thinking hot things rising, cooler things falling. But apparently the main effect driving convection is the compositional differences at the boundary with the Earth's inner core. This is because of the differential freezing at the boundary. Things like iron freeze into the inner core, while elements like sulfur do not. Hence the pockets of lighter material which then rise outwards.
3. I didn't get why the fluid motion was necessary for the generation of the magnetic field. I mean if it's a conducting liquid, it can conduct currents whether it moves or not. But the key is that the liquid metal can 'trap' magnetic fields. I imagine this like how iron channels magnetic fields. Then once these fields are channeled, they can be pulled and stretched, making more magnetic field.
4. Fluids operate very differently in rotating frames of reference. This is something I didn't intuitively grasp. But, as fluids move from the inner core outwards, those particles are moving much more slowly in the direction of rotation than the matter that has been there for a long time, which means the convection currents get deflected and form helices.
0:08:27
Spinning Sphere of Molten Sodium
0:03:29
Basics of the UMD Lathrop 3 meter liquid sodium experiment
0:03:05
Voice of America feature on our 3-meter geomagnetic experiment
0:00:36
Recreating Earth's Core
0:00:09
The Earth's Magnetic Shield: The Power of Molten Iron
0:00:57
Don't Crush Obsidian
0:05:43
Sodium v Water (slow motion) - Periodic Table of Videos
0:00:44
Gallium metal VS super strong magnet
0:01:01
Thermite Balls
0:04:53
Super interesting strange gopro video showing the sodium metal inside the 3m system after draining.
0:03:13
Scientists Are Building a Mini-Earth With 8 Tonnes of Spinning Liquid Sodium
0:00:16
Molten salt and liquid metal sodium being poured
0:09:29
Earth's Core is not a giant magnet!
0:00:44
The Earth's magnetic field is caused by the movement of molten iron in the planet's core
0:00:40
UMD Three Meter Geodynamo Experiment Induced Field
0:00:42
Centrifugal sphere
0:08:49
How Earth Creates Its Magnetic Field
0:01:01
The Only Element You Can Chew Like Gum
0:01:00
I accidentally killed this magnet
0:00:18
Full-spherical rotating convection simulation
0:01:37
Titan Magnetics Spinning Magnetic Sphere
0:00:37
3m with molten sodium, 2Hz
0:00:06
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED FROM SPINNING SPHERE
0:00:58
Electrical conductivity of molten salt
Комментарии