javascript classes vs prototypes

javascript has two main ways of creating object-oriented code: using classes and using prototypes. let's discuss the difference between classes and prototypes and provide examples for both.

### classes:
classes were introduced in ecmascript 6 (es6) and provide a more structured way of creating objects and defining inheritance relationships in javascript.

- **syntax**: classes in javascript are defined using the `class` keyword.
- **inheritance**: classes support the concept of inheritance through the `extends` keyword.
- **constructor**: classes have a special method called `constructor` that is used for initializing new objects.
- **instance methods**: methods defined in a class are added to the prototype of the class.

example of defining a class in javascript:

### prototypes:
prototypes are the traditional way of defining objects and inheritance in javascript. every object in javascript has a prototype that acts as a blueprint for the object.

- **prototype chain**: objects inherit properties and methods from their prototype objects.
- **constructor function**: prototypes are defined using constructor functions, which are regular functions used to create objects.
- **prototype property**: the `prototype` property of a constructor function is used to add methods and properties to objects created with that function.

example of defining a prototype in javascript:

### conclusion:
classes provide a more familiar and cleaner syntax for defining objects and inheritance in javascript, while prototypes offer more flexibility and control over object creation and behavior. both approaches are widely used in javascript development, and the choice between them often depends on personal preference and project requirements.

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