20 ČESKÝCH SLOV, CO NESNÁŠÍM

Jak to zvládáte?
Začal jsem se učit česky 27. listopadu 2016 v USA
Celkový počet dnů v Česku od té doby: 36

INSTA | FACE ► @tadygavin 🇺🇸🇨🇿

[sanyalbertu]

Čím déle na Tebe koukám, tím mi přijde čeština divnější a divnější :D :D

[SandyHyundai]

Po větě "Proč musíme skloňovat i čísla?" jsem dostala upřímný záchvat smíchu 😂

[vojtakliner]

Je to úžasné, upřímně jsem si nikdy tyto "složitosti" v českém jazyce nikdy ani neuvědomil! My to zkrátka máme v hlavě, a vůbec nad nějakým skloňováním nepřemýšlíme (v češtině samozřejmě).

[terezatravnickova]

Nikdy mi nedochází jak česky jazyk je očividně těžký, ale u tebe si to uvědomuji 😂
Máš můj obrovský obdiv

[TheMissssSunshine]

“Kam šel NU?” 😂 čeština je fakt zvláštní 😄

[natalia.hvizdak]

"Průjem nemám ale mám dojem" 😂😂😂 celé video sa smejem 😂😂😂😂❤️

[karolinasmrckova]

TADY, ZDE, TU, SEM

TADY is the most common one, mainly in spoken language.
TADY and ZDE is exactly the same. The only difference is, that ZDE is a very formal word used mainly at schools, offices etc. or in written form.

TU is used mainly in very short sentences, where you do not name the subject of the sentence. Classic examples: "Jsem tu." (I am here.) and "Jsi tu?" (Are you here?) and "Co to tu děláš?" (What are you doing here?) You may use "TADY" in all of those sentences as well, but it is very informal to do so. "TU" seems syntactically much more suitable in those sentences, but for a begginer "TADY" is an appropriate form.

SEM is the only word the has completely different meaning compared to those previous ones. TADY, TU and ZDE are all answers to question "KDE", while SEM is an answer to question "KAM". You need to learn the different between KDE and KAM first (because in English you use the same word "where"). KAM is used mainly as reference to transporation (Where did you go? Where did you put smth?), while KDE is used as a reference to location (Where are you? Where did you buy smth?).

I hope, that helps.

Btw. You have a nice pronounciation.

[alena]

10:52 😂 Byly zabity montážní pákou😂 skoro jsem umřela smíchem🤣

[eldyska]

Slovensky: marec
Anglicky: march
Německy: März
Francouzsky: Mars
Dánština: Marts
Čeština: BŘEZEN😂

[lettuce]

Nic si z toho nedělej, spousta Čechů taky neumí česky😄

[lukason]

Čím víc tě sleduji, přijde mi, že co se týče cizinců tak je čeština brutálně těžká

[zdenkasvobodova]

Češtinu zvládáš skvěle. Lépe, než někteří Češi.

[KateHolloman]

Příští - next in time. Další - next in line.
Vím, že čeština je bláznivá. Obdivuju všechny cizince, že jsou vůbec ochotní tento jazyk zkusit. (Například můj manžel - on je Američan, a taky často nechápe, co se s tím jazykem děje.) Ale přiznám se, že já taky občas nechápala podstatu některých anglických slov - jako samotné slovo "understand". Under.... Stand... Stand under? Každý jazyk má svá zajímavá slovíčka a pravidla, a některé věci je lepší se prostě jen naučit, a nesnažit se je všechny pochopit. Mind bending. 🤯😁

[jaroslavlosos]

You probably won't read this (there are over 2000 comments), but I'll risk it - I'll try to help you with your questions:


1) "Je mu 6 let." vs. "Jsou mu 3 roky." - Numbers 2, 3, 4 are treated kinda like adjectives - they depend on the noun, which remains in nominative plural (dva muži, tři ženy, čtyři děti) - therefore, the noun itself is the subject of the sentence and the verb (to agree with the subject) has to be in plural: Dva MUŽI jdou po ulici. Tři ŽENY pijí kafe. Now - it's very different with numbers 5 and higher - they become the main noun, i.e. the subject of the sentence, while the counted noun has to shift to genitive (pět žen, šest mužů...) (literally "five OF women", "six OF men"). The basic subject-verb structure is now the number+verb and since the number is a singular entity (grammatically), the verb also has to be singular: PĚT žen pije kafe. ŠEST mužů jde po ulici. I hope this explains it better.


2) Tady/tu/zde/sem = Here. The most commonly used one is "tady" - and that's also what you have in your profile name. "Zde" is quite formal, it's not used in everyday speech. You can see "zde" in forms (they use higher register, official language) and you can here it in formal situations - such as that pupil raising his hand in the movie. "Tu" is more difficult to explain - I'd like to point out that it's a clitic - one of those little words that have to be in the second position of the sentence (like "se", "mi", "by", "jsem" etc.) - in other positions it would mostly get interpreted as the accusative of the feminine demostrative "ta" (a completely different word), whereas "tady" can be used in any position. Being a clitic, "tu" doesn't work on its own - that's why "Tu Gavin" doesn't sound natural (it happens to sound Slovak, because Slovak only has "tu" and no "zde/tady" alternatives). And of course, you know that "sem" is very different, because it's only used for the direction "(to) here", which used to be expressed by "hither" in older English.


3) další vs. příští - this one is tricky to explain, it's probably best to observe where they are used, which is what you're doing anyway. Příští zastávka, rok, léto, týden... - the next one in a set, in a row. More than "next", the word "další" also means "another", "additional" or "further" in different contexts - so these sub-meanings are always contained in it.


4) Verbs ending in -nout. You really don't have to worry about these, unless you want to speak purely literary Czech, because people often don't use the correct forms anyway. For example, few people use the correct masculine past tense of "zvládnout" -> "zvládl". Some prefer to say "zvládnul", some say "zvlád" (both incorrect but commonly used). Same with "zamkl" (just like you find it awkward to pronounce this in your video, so do most Czechs) - most will say "zamknul", some will say "zamk". The literary "zamkl" form is used a bit more frequently in parts of Moravia. The feminine version is a little different - it's easier to pronounce the correct form, e.g. "vznikla", so that's what most people say, but it doesn't sound too off to say "vzniknula" - it's incorrect, but it's a mistake that native speakers sometimes make, too.


5) "dveře" and other nouns that are always plural. As you mentioned yourself, English has these as well - but pants and scissors are both obviously made of two similar things, so it's more logical. With dveře, it's still easy to picture an old door somewhere in a village, e.g. a barn door - a door that has two wings - this image justifies the plural. A lot of these locked-in-plural nouns are found on the body: záda (back), játra (liver), ústa (mouth, formally) - these are difficult to justify, because we really do have only one mouth, one back (maybe the left and right sides of it make it plural?) and one liver (made of several lobes?). Anyway, as for counting these, we have special numbers: jedny dveře, dvoje kalhoty, troje nůžky, čtvery játra... These numbers are also used for counting sets of things - e.g. dvoje boty = two pair of shoes = čtyři boty, or troje cigarety = three packs of cigarettes = šedesát cigaret (3x20), or patery rukavice = five pairs of gloves = deset rukavic. Neat, huh?


6) "host" - this is easy once you realize the letter/sound G in Slavic words changed into H in Czech (also in Slovak and Ukrainian). So - the original Slavic word for "guest" is "gostь" (the sign at the end is a very short vowel or later a palatalization mark). You can see how the Indo-European word is "gXst" where X is a vowel. So when you see/hear "host" in Czech, you have to keep in mind that it was "gost" originally. We just got rid of all G's in our domestic words - until we re-imported it in later loanwords. That's also why Prague is Praha.


I hope I have shed some light on some of the things you find weird or confusing in Czech.

[mikehoblog]

Nejsem odborník, ale mám u "příští" vs. "další" tenhle pocit:

"Příští" se používá u nějakých úseků s jasně danými intervaly, ať už se jedná o úsek cesty (zastávka) nebo nějaký časový úsek (rok, měsíci, pondělí, víkend...).

"Další" je pak hlavně s nějakou řadou lidí/předmětů, které následují bezprostředně (hned) za sebou a postupně z nich ubíráš (obsloužil jsem dalšího zákazníka / přečetl jsem další stranu knihy) nebo je přidáváš (mám dalšího pokémona do sbírky).

...jestli melu blbosti, někdo mě opravte. Taky se rád něco příručím. :D

[martinakureckova]

To je opravdu odvaha, pustit se do studování jednoho z nejtěžších jazyků světa, do češtiny... fandím Ti, jsi skvělý 👌😘

[radaxx_dj]

Tady = "normal"
Tu = "shorter"
Zde = "old/ultraformal"
Sem = dostat se z místa na místo, jako "get here"

[matesglc]

7:22 Já (nevím, jestli to je pravopisně správně) používám "zamkl" a zamknul" náhodně.
Např. "Zamkl jsi dveře? Ano, zamknul jsem" :D

[romanareindlova]

Ptá se cizinec ČECHA
" co znamená Šimsisi?"
Čech.. "no esi sisi šim" 😂😂

[d.o.m.i]

Gratuluji! Čeština je jedna z nejtěžších jazyků na světě. Jde ti to moc dobře!