How to perform phylogenetically independent contrasts

This tutorial shows you how to perform phylogenetically independent contrasts for a group of species, and also provides some background information about the approach and why it is used.

This tutorial uses Rstudio under Ubuntu Linux version 20.04.

This tutorial assumes you already have R and Rstudio installed. See my tutorial for installing those software:

This tutorial assumes you already have the R package "caper" installed.

This tutorial assumes you are using Ubuntu Linux version 20.04 as your operating system. If you do not have a computer running Ubuntu, fear not. You can install Ubuntu as a virtual machine within your current operating system. It is all free.
The instructions for Windows computers are here:
The instructions for Mac computers are here (from 0:00 to 5:37):

FYI:
I have made a Linux virtual machine that is pre-configured with population genetics and ecological niche modeling programs. I have made videos explaining how to hook up this virtual machine within your Mac or Windows computer, so that you can start using the pre-configured software without having to install any of them (and even without having to install Ubuntu Linux!).

[katiahernandezbolanos]

Thanks a lot! Since I met your channel I can understand some topics. I am going to do the phylogenetically independent contrasts for my thesis degree. I am going to evaluate if there is a correlation between substitution rates and history life traits like body mass, longevity and dietary habits. I need to learn more about this method but I can try with this tutorial!

sorry for my english.
Regards

[beepbooptop]

How to analyse if the trait is phylogenetic dependent ?
To change your example.
What if there are complete random mutations of body size in a species ? So body size would not be similar in a genra