Understanding Complexity and System Theory for the Just City, by Alexandar Jachnow

Urban areas are per se the genuine expression of human interactions in space. There are social norms and cultural features that establish the layout and morphology of our socio-spatial environment.

The interplay of all these different features establishes a complexity of values, creating in their totality the unique quality of every human settlement.

Spatial justice cannot be measured in the same way for different stakeholders - as their conditions and interests are diverse. This poses a complexity of the urban system to the question of justice that can be only addressed locally and during a limited period of time.