VIGYAN PATHSHALA/Chapter:1 (States of Matter) NCERT EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS/Ncert Science Class 9/Cbse

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MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS Physical Nature of Matter MATTER IS MADE UP OF PARTICLES HOW SMALL ARE THESE PARTICLES OF MATTER? Characteristics of Particles of Matter PARTICLES OF MATTER HAVE SPACE BETWEEN THEM
PARTICLES OF MATTER ARE
CONTINUOUSLY MOVING
PARTICLES OF MATTER ATTRACT
EACH OTHER
States of Matter
THE SOLID STATE
THE LIQUID STATE
THE GASEOUS STATE
EFFECT OF CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE
Can Matter Change its State? When a solid melts, its temperature
remains the same, so where does the heat
energy go? EFFECT OF CHANGE OF PRESSURE Interconversion of the three states of matter
Evaporation FACTORS AFFECTING EVAPORATION HOW DOES EVAPORATION CAUSE
COOLING? Why do we see water droplets on the outer
surface of a glass containing ice-cold
water? Why should we wear cotton clothes in
summer? Plasma Bose-Einstein Condensate Matter is made up of small particles. The matter around us exists in three states— solid, liquid
and gas.
• The forces of attraction between the particles are maximum in
solids, intermediate in liquids and minimum in gases.
• The spaces in between the constituent particles and kinetic
energy of the particles are minimum in the case of solids,
intermediate in liquids and maximum in gases.
• The arrangement of particles is most ordered in the case of
solids, in the case of liquids layers of particles can slip and
slide over each other while for gases, there is no order, particles
just move about randomly.
• The states of matter are inter-convertible. The state of matter
can be changed by changing temperature or pressure.
• Sublimation is the change of gaseous state directly to solid
state without going through liquid state, and vice versa.
• Boiling is a bulk phenomenon. Particles from the bulk (whole)
of the liquid change into vapour state.
• Evaporation is a surface phenomenon. Particles from the
surface gain enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction
present in the liquid and change into the vapour state.
• The rate of evaporation depends upon the surface area exposed
to the atmosphere, the temperature, the humidity and the
wind speed.
• Evaporation causes cooling.
• Latent heat of vaporisation is the heat energy required to change
1 kg of a liquid to gas at atmospheric pressure at its boiling
point.
• Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to
change 1 kg of solid into liquid at its melting point. Some measurable quantities and their units to remember Estimating how small are the particles of matter. With every dilution, though the colour
becomes light, it is still visible. class 9 chemistry chapter 1 matter in our surroundings question answer,
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