Embryology of the Ear II (Easy to Understand)

The development of the middle and external ear explained in less than 15 minutes.

If you are completely new to embryology and you want to understand it quickly, this should be the first video you watch:

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SUMMARY OF THE VIDEO FOR YOUR NOTES
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The middle ear
- Tympanic cavity comes from the endoderm, from the first pharyngeal pouch.
- The pouch expands laterally until it touches the first pharyngeal cleft
- The distal part of the pouch is the tubotympanic recess, which widens becoming the primitive tympanic cavity. The proximal part remains narrow and becomes the auditory tube aka eustachian tube
- The malleus and incus come from the first pharyngeal arch
- The stapes comes from the second pharyngeal arch
- Tensor tympani is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
- Stapedius is innervated by the facial nerve

The external ear
- External auditory meatus comes from the first pharyngeal cleft
- The solid epithelial meatal plug will dissolve by the seventh month, otherwise the newborn will be deaf
- Th tympanic membrane (eardrum) is made from three layers: ectoderm epithelium, mesoderm middle layer which is connective tissue, and endoderm which is the inner mucous membrane (epithelium).
- The malleus' handle is in contact with the tympanic membrane.
- The auricle develop from 6 swellings called the auricular hillocks.
- Hillocks 1, 2, and 3 come from pharyngeal arch 1
- Hillocks 4, 5, and 6 come from the second arch
- The hillocks will eventually grow and fuse together in a complicated process that I have simplified by just saying "they all fuse together"
- 1 is the tragus, 2 is the helix, 3 is the cymba conca, 4 is the concha, 5 is the anti-helix, and 6 is the anti-tragus - lets keep it at that

[minass]

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[adelenemorrow]

Big thank you Dr. Minass, my classmate showed me your channel right before our exam and it was lifesaving. I hope more students discover your videos, they save us tons of time learning and make everything easy to remember. Beautiful job.

[microbiologeest]

This channel will continue to help desperate pre-med and med students. I really hope that your content reaches more people. Thank you!

[joshtorres]

By far the best embryology videos on Youtube!!! Thank you Dr. Minass!

[MYWorld-plxm]

Atlast i found a good embryo channel
Thanks alot for these awesome lecture 😊❤

[FactsCapsules]

Once again doctor minas is the best am listening from kenya🎉

[Keyvinaa]

It helps a lot, thank you so much doc!

[megha]

Thank you so much, Dr.Minass! What a great teacher you are!

[Praveenkumar-jhze]

superb Sir.You have put it in very simple and diagrammatic way, which ll b e useful in exams too

[Srashtisingh-pz]

Bahut hi khubsurat dhang se samjhaya apne ❤

[Dowb.]

Minas ❤️ Hi from Armenia 🇦🇲 thanks for these educational videos.

[yjr]

Thank you for the lecture doctor but I have a question. For the middle ear ossicles you said that they are derived from the mesoderm pharyngeal arches 1, 2. I have been told that they are derived from the mesenchyme of ectoderm cells form pharyngeal arches 1, 2. Is this true?

[livingstonekanmiki]

Still learning in 2024. Thanks so much

[rhythmmochi]

Can you do an explanation about the embryology of Cardiovascular System

[cynthiaoduonye]

Thank you sir but how about the inner ear