Photoelectric Effect - Concept Virtual lab & Application

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It’s commonly thought that Albert Einstein won the 1922 Nobel Prize for his work on relativity. Not true. Einstein’s prize was for his earlier 1905 explanation of the photoelectric effect, a phenomenon later incorporated in devices such as electric eyes, light meters, and, before digital, readers of motion picture soundtracks. Today, the photoelectric effect is applied to photovoltaic electric cells on the roofs of buildings and in sprawling solar energy farms.

Ejected electrons
Quite simply, the photoelectric effect is the ejection of electrons from certain surfaces or from atoms below those surfaces when illluminated with light. Several investigators in the latter part of the 19th century noted the curious ability of light striking metal surfaces to create electric current. Figure 1 shows an arrangement for observing this “photoelectric effect.” Light shining on the negatively charged curved metal plate liberates electrons that are attracted to a small positive plate. This process produces a measurable electric current.

PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
The definition of the photoelectric effect states that it is a phenomenon in which light causes electrons to be expelled from a metallic surface when exposed to the light of an appropriate frequency.
The expelled electrons are called photoelectrons.
The law of conservation of energy is the basic principle of the photoelectric effect.
Albert Einstein was the first to successfully explain the laws of the photoelectric effect after years of research in this field.
He came to the conclusion that this effect was caused by light energy being transported in discrete quantized packets called photons.
A photoelectric effect diagram is given below.
THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT EXPERIMENT
The photoelectric effect can be explained by the experiment wherein the electrons on the metal body absorb energy from the incident light and then use it to counteract the attractive forces that bind them to the metallic nuclei.
The photons( the 'particles' of light that make up the visible spectrum) that strike the metal's surface must have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces that bind the electrons to the nuclei in order for the photoelectric effect to occur.
The threshold energy for the photoelectric effect is the least quantity of electricity required to remove an electron from a metal.

The photoelectric effect experiment cannot be explained using the wave model of light.
However, the particle nature of light, which can be viewed as a stream of electromagnetic energy particles, can explain this behavior.
The photoelectric effect can be explained by Planck's equation E = h𝜈 = hc/λ.
SUMMARY
The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon that causes electrons to be expelled from a metallic surface when exposed to the light of an appropriate frequency.
The electrons at the surface of the metal absorb energy from the incident light and then use it to counteract the attractive forces that bind them to the metallic nuclei.
The photoelectric effect can be explained by Planck's equation:
E = h𝜈 = hc/λ.