Eukaryopolis - The City of Animal Cells: Crash Course Biology #4

Hank tells us about the city of Eukaryopolis - the animal cell that is responsible for all the cool things that happen in our bodies.

Table of Contents time codes
1) Robert Hooke 1:59
2) Cilia/Flagella 2:52
3) Cell Membrane 3:32
4) Cytoplasm/Cytoskeleton/Centrosomes 3:58
5) Endoplasmic Reticulum 4:41
6) Ribosomes 5:45
7) Golgi Apparatus 6:00
8) Lysosomes 6:47
9) Nucleus 7:06
10) Mitochondria 9:14

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[Ureyeuh]

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[alexandralee]

When a bunch of cells is watching a bunch of cells explaining a bunch of cells.

[YBlvr]

Content I was taught in two painfully long 80-minute lectures, condensed into 10 minutes of concise, straightforward, understandable content. Thank you for existing.

[ashkansnake]

Notes:


Animal cell

Eukaryotic cells, with membrane, organelles and nucleus containing DNA that calls the shots
Animal, plants, fungi and protist
Flexible and squishy membranes as oppose to plants, allowing the creation of cell, organs and tissue types

Cell is like a city:

On the surface:

Microtubials: made of long protein fibers: Cillia (tiny arms like in lungs and throat pushing the mucus up) and Flagella (whip-like tail like in sperms), Protozoans, move with Microtubials instead of muscle tissue
Membrane: Selective permeability: monitoring coming in and out like boarders

Inside:

Cytoplasm: water+nutrients
Cytoskeleton: scaffolding made of protein strands, Centrosomes: infrastructures
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): network of membranes like a highway system

The smoother parts of ER are like factories:
containing enzymes (proteins) producing lipids,
detoxifying substances by adding carboxyl to make them soluble in water,
storing ions like Sodium used for energy

The rougher parts of ER have Ribosomes attached to them:
Synthesis and packaging of proteins

Ribosomes: float freely, assemble amino acids into Polypeptides pushing the protein chain into ER where it's bitten off and sent to Golgi Aparatus

Golgi: made of membranous layers: the post office for packaging proteins, cutting them into hormones, combining them with Carbs to make molecules
Vessicles: the packages with Phospholipid walls

Lysosome: waste treatment and recycling, sacks containing enzymes breaking down cell waste into building material

Mitochondria: the power plant where respiration takes place, fuels converted to Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) which is the currency
They were separate bacteria that animal cells absorbed and kept, and they still act as their own organisms with their own DNA, they exist in the egg and doesn't mix with sperms DNA during fertilization

Nucleus:

The leader
Contains DNA and has all the information and instructions

Has a double membrane
Nucleoplasm (is like Cytoplasm)
Nucleolus at the center: creates Ribosomal RNA+proteins=Ribosomes
Messenger RNA: carry the orders to Ribosomes

Chromatin: web-like substance that holds DNA molecules, upon cell division they gather into rod-shaped chromosome, humans have 46

[alamp.]

Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.

[icecreamie]

"Plants can't dance."
Explain baby Groot.

[SunlightHugger]

I love how excited he gets about mitochondria.

[Traeyuhlmixx]

a quiz at the end of each episode would be very helpful in making sure we actually processed that info lmao

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[random]

Stop scrolling through the comments and pay attention to the video

[jsscmoran]

The mitochondria little fact about us having the same exact DNA
as the one as our mother it literally blew my mind !!!! FREAKING AWESOME !

[unikittycakee]

I love the intro
"Animals animals animals animal carcass."
"animals animals animals animal carcass again."

[supersungal]

Me: expects comment section to be entirely "the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell"
Me: is pleasantly surprised

[marissavla]

;_; why can't you be my biology teacher

[chyennetran]

THE MITOCHONDRIA IS THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL

[Saphireaway]

I wonder how long it takes to film and edit these videos. With all those cool animations and such, i'm sure a lot of effort goes into making these videos! Def pays off tho :D