How to extract raster values (from Maxent or elsewhere) at point locations

This tutorial shows you how to extract raster values at point locations. These raster values can be output from the species distribution modeling software Maxent or they can be from any raster data.

This tutorial uses Rstudio under Ubuntu Linux version 20.04.

This tutorial assumes you already have R and Rstudio installed. See my tutorial for installing those software:

This tutorial also assumes you already have the R package 'raster' and all of its dependencies installed. If you encounter difficulties installing the 'raster' package, follow my tutorials for installing the 'ENMEval' package, as this will also install the 'raster' package along the way:

Want to learn how to make and modify rasters? See my other tutorials:

This tutorial assumes you are using Ubuntu Linux version 20.04 as your operating system. If you do not have a computer running Ubuntu, fear not. You can install Ubuntu as a virtual machine within your current operating system. It is all free.
The instructions for Windows computers are here:
The instructions for Mac computers are here (from 0:00 to 5:37):

FYI:
I have made a Linux virtual machine that is pre-configured with population genetics and ecological niche modeling programs. I have made videos explaining how to hook up this virtual machine within your Mac or Windows computer, so that you can start using the pre-configured software without having to install any of them (and even without having to install Ubuntu Linux!).

[myeong-hyeonmin]

Great video, really insightful. Thank you all for your valuable contribution!

[pushpalatakayastha]

Great video. I have a query. The at_avg (asc file) helps find raster values for gps points anywhere in the world or just the part of Europe as shown in video. If only Europe than what can I use if I have gps locations throughout the world?