American Pageant Chapter 16 APUSH Review

Click link to download the slide notes

Visual presentation on the growth of slavery:

American Pageant (Kennedy) Chapter 16
American History (Brinkley) Chapter 11
America’s History (Henretta) Chapter 12
APUSH Redesign Period 4.

Key ideas:
1) The South remained politically, culturally, and ideologically distinct from the north.
2) As overcultivation depleted arable land in the Southeast, slaveholders relocated their agricultural enterprises to the new Southwest, increasing sectional tensions over the institution of slavery.
3) States’ rights, nullification, and racist stereotyping provided the foundation for the Southern defense of slavery as a positive good.
4) African Americans developed both overt and covert ways to resist the dehumanizing nature of slavery
5) Abolitionists, although a minority in the North, will develop a variety of strategies to campaign against slavery.

Topics: South and Slavery: 1787-1860
Southern Society, Overview of Slavery (Bacon’s Rebellion, Constitution, etc.) Missouri Compromise, Cotton Gin, Market Revolution, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, King Cotton, Southern politics, Comparisons with the North, Life for AA in the South, Nat Turner Rebellion, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, African American culture, Resistance to Slavery, Black Codes, Stono Rebellion, Denmark Vesey, Underground Railroad, Abolitionist Movement, American Colonization Society, David Walker, William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, Liberty Party, Gag Resolution, George Fitzhugh,

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Notes from the video to copy into your notes :)


Ch. 16 APUSH (South and Slavery)


Slavery in America
Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia (1676) leads to shift from indentured servants to black slavery
1780: Slavery issue of debate at Constitutiinal Convention
→ 3/5thcompromise
→ fugitive slave act
→ slave trade ends in 1808
Following American Revolution Slavery ends inNorthern and middle states (ideological, economical, etc)
Slavery banned in NW territory w/Northwest Ordinance
Missouri Compromise: North and South were able to postpone a major sectional tension in MO


King Cotton
Southern economy reliant on cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and cotton.
→ EliWhitney cotton gin, needs more slaves
Market Revolution: northern industry demand for southern cotton
Cotton starts to move west, need more slaves
Huge slave trade taking place


Slavery
Western expansion will create more slavery conflicts
→ Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act


Antebellum South
Primarily agrarian society: “king cotton”
Lack of industrialization
$$$ invested in slave labor
25 percent owned slaves
Other 75 percent still support it so that they aren’t the lowest of society
Southern politics: oligarchy, controlled by plantation owners
Huge gap between rich and poor
Hierarchy: Southern plantation owners, small slaveholders, Yeoman farmers, people of the pine barrens (no slaves, no land)
Contrast with the north
→ Lack of immigration to the south
→ Lack of public school reform
Deep south states had a majority black population


African American Communities
African American population in the North
About 250k people
Tensions with Irish immigrants, competition over low skilled jobs
Free blackpopulation in the South (about 250k people)
Many restrictions on daily life for free slaves (Nat turner’s rebellion)


Slaves
Chattel slavery (slaves treated as property)
UncleTom’s Cabin: brought up the issue of black families being broken up
Slaves were not afforded any social, political, or civil rights
African American culture emerged asa blending of African and American cultural influences
→ Black christianity
→ Responsorial style of preaching
→ Importance of music/spirituals


Resistance to Slavery
Work slowdowns
Negligence
Break equipment
Runaways (RR)
Slave revolt
Stono rebellion (1739): South Carolina slaves run away to Florida
Denmark Vesey (1822): Massive revolt planned in SC, shot down
Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1831): Revolt in Virginia killed 60people, only revolt where whites died
Reactions:
→ Harsher laws: “Black codes”
→ Slave patrols


Abolitionist Movement
Quakers were earliest opponents of slavery
American Colonization Society: transport freed slaves back to Africa (Monrovia, Liberia) (failed)
David Walker: “Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World” (1829, black man who called for violent uprising)
William Lloyd Garrison (1833):Americn Anti-Slavery Society called for immediate uncompensated emancipation
→ Published “The Liberator”
Sojourner Truth/Frederick Douglas: former slaves advocated for freedom
Liberty Party


Southern Reaction: Defense of Slavery
Gag Resolution in Congress(1836-1844)
→ Ban onantislavery petitions being discussed in COngress
→ Repealed by JQ Adams in1844
Bans on teaching slaves to read and write
Southern states adopt strict slave codes
Anti-slavery messages banned from Southern mail
Pro slavery arguments by George Fitzhugh:
→ Slaves as family
→ Better than wage slavery
→ Civilized inferior people

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