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Strange Materials that Defy the Laws of Physics!
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In today’s society, popular nanotechnology products and smart materials not only defy the laws of physics, but completely ignore some of them as well.
How can that be possible when the laws of physics make up the foundation of every single thing in our world?
But this in fact, is possible.
There are various kinds of smart materials, and we will be talking about a couple of them in this video.
Polymer “Terminator”
This material was named after the movie “Terminator” for its unique self-repairing abilities.
Even if you cut this polymer in half with a knife, it will return to its original form by itself after a couple of hours.
This doesn’t mean that the broken-off pieces will move on their own to automatically connect with their other half.
But if you put the two pieces together and wait for a while, it will return to its original form as if it had never been cut!
In addition, researchers have developed a plastic that can self-repair after being damaged.
97% of the time, this plastic was successfully able to repair itself.
Gallium
This material has already been introduced in our channel before.
Gallium is one of the four metals that takes a liquid form at room temperature.
The other three are mercury, rubidium, and cesium, and they are all commonly used substances in thermometers.
Gallium is a beautiful, soft, and silvery material that melts at a temperature of only 29 degrees Celsius.
This means that if you try to pick up gallium, it will immediately begin to melt in your hand.
The boiling point of gallium is 2,229 degrees.
Vantablack
Have you ever noticed that there are many different types of blacks?
Some black colors are darker than others.
Blackness is determined by how much light an object absorbs, as well as how much it reflects.
And the more light that an object absorbs, the darker it will appear.
Fun fact: Scientists believe that the black hole is the one thing in the universe that doesn’t even reflect 1% of light.
Of course, it’s not possible for humans to see the black hole up close, but thanks to vantablack, we can imagine just how dark it would appear.
Line-X
What do smart materials and tin cans have in common?
Let me answer that.
Scientists have invented a material called Line-X.
It’s a coating that dramatically increases an object’s strength when it’s applied.
This material undergoes a chemical reaction and creates a long polymer chain that bonds to the surface of an object to create strength and flexibility.
Line-X is often used on plastic car parts to prevent them from cracking, but it can also be used on other objects to prevent them from cracking or breaking and as protection against hard impact.
Super Cooled Rubidium Atom - Negative mass
Next let’s talk about a substance that truly violates the laws of physics.
Specifically, it violates Isaac Newton’s Second Law of Motion, in which a force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration, or F=ma.
The law basically means that an object will accelerate in the direction that you push it.
For example, if you push on a door, it will open forwards and never backwards.
The substance that violates Newton’s law was made by cooling rubidium atoms to as close to absolute zero as possible.
This substance acts as a negative mass, so it will accelerate in the opposite direction that it was pushed in.
Hydrogels
Hydrogels are substances with mechanical properties that behave like liquids.
This means that they can be poured into containers and absorb water, yet still maintain a defined physical structure.
Hydrogels are mainly applied in the medical field.
They are injected into wounds, so they can be used as targeted drug delivery systems.
Hydrogels are made from a network of long polymers. Recently a DNA-derived hydrogel has even been created.
They can be used for drug delivery to areas where cancerous tumors have been removed, yet cancer cells still remain in the tissue.
In those cases, hydrogels are able to fill cavities and take shape, so that successful deliveries of drugs at tumor sites can be achieved.
Starlite
Out of all the materials we’ve introduced today, Starlite is the most mysterious.
It was created not by a famous scientist, but by an amateur chemist named Maurice Ward, who was also a British forklift driver and hairdresser.
He claimed to have invented a wonderful material that could protect any object from high temperatures.
Indeed, several experiments proved that this material could withstand heat of up to 10,000 degrees Celsius.
After Ward made this material at home and used it in his beauty salon for a while, he realized that it could be applied in other areas.
So, he wrote letters to several major chemical companies to advertise his product.
Finally, in the 1970s, he was invited to appear on the BBC channel's science program called "World of the Future," where he heated an egg wrapped in Starlight at 1500 degrees for five minutes.
How can that be possible when the laws of physics make up the foundation of every single thing in our world?
But this in fact, is possible.
There are various kinds of smart materials, and we will be talking about a couple of them in this video.
Polymer “Terminator”
This material was named after the movie “Terminator” for its unique self-repairing abilities.
Even if you cut this polymer in half with a knife, it will return to its original form by itself after a couple of hours.
This doesn’t mean that the broken-off pieces will move on their own to automatically connect with their other half.
But if you put the two pieces together and wait for a while, it will return to its original form as if it had never been cut!
In addition, researchers have developed a plastic that can self-repair after being damaged.
97% of the time, this plastic was successfully able to repair itself.
Gallium
This material has already been introduced in our channel before.
Gallium is one of the four metals that takes a liquid form at room temperature.
The other three are mercury, rubidium, and cesium, and they are all commonly used substances in thermometers.
Gallium is a beautiful, soft, and silvery material that melts at a temperature of only 29 degrees Celsius.
This means that if you try to pick up gallium, it will immediately begin to melt in your hand.
The boiling point of gallium is 2,229 degrees.
Vantablack
Have you ever noticed that there are many different types of blacks?
Some black colors are darker than others.
Blackness is determined by how much light an object absorbs, as well as how much it reflects.
And the more light that an object absorbs, the darker it will appear.
Fun fact: Scientists believe that the black hole is the one thing in the universe that doesn’t even reflect 1% of light.
Of course, it’s not possible for humans to see the black hole up close, but thanks to vantablack, we can imagine just how dark it would appear.
Line-X
What do smart materials and tin cans have in common?
Let me answer that.
Scientists have invented a material called Line-X.
It’s a coating that dramatically increases an object’s strength when it’s applied.
This material undergoes a chemical reaction and creates a long polymer chain that bonds to the surface of an object to create strength and flexibility.
Line-X is often used on plastic car parts to prevent them from cracking, but it can also be used on other objects to prevent them from cracking or breaking and as protection against hard impact.
Super Cooled Rubidium Atom - Negative mass
Next let’s talk about a substance that truly violates the laws of physics.
Specifically, it violates Isaac Newton’s Second Law of Motion, in which a force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration, or F=ma.
The law basically means that an object will accelerate in the direction that you push it.
For example, if you push on a door, it will open forwards and never backwards.
The substance that violates Newton’s law was made by cooling rubidium atoms to as close to absolute zero as possible.
This substance acts as a negative mass, so it will accelerate in the opposite direction that it was pushed in.
Hydrogels
Hydrogels are substances with mechanical properties that behave like liquids.
This means that they can be poured into containers and absorb water, yet still maintain a defined physical structure.
Hydrogels are mainly applied in the medical field.
They are injected into wounds, so they can be used as targeted drug delivery systems.
Hydrogels are made from a network of long polymers. Recently a DNA-derived hydrogel has even been created.
They can be used for drug delivery to areas where cancerous tumors have been removed, yet cancer cells still remain in the tissue.
In those cases, hydrogels are able to fill cavities and take shape, so that successful deliveries of drugs at tumor sites can be achieved.
Starlite
Out of all the materials we’ve introduced today, Starlite is the most mysterious.
It was created not by a famous scientist, but by an amateur chemist named Maurice Ward, who was also a British forklift driver and hairdresser.
He claimed to have invented a wonderful material that could protect any object from high temperatures.
Indeed, several experiments proved that this material could withstand heat of up to 10,000 degrees Celsius.
After Ward made this material at home and used it in his beauty salon for a while, he realized that it could be applied in other areas.
So, he wrote letters to several major chemical companies to advertise his product.
Finally, in the 1970s, he was invited to appear on the BBC channel's science program called "World of the Future," where he heated an egg wrapped in Starlight at 1500 degrees for five minutes.
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