Bipolar Disorder | Bipolar affective Disorder | Mood Disorder

Bipolar Disorder (Bipolar affective Disorder) Mood Disorder or Manic Depressive Psychosis

Bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive illness or manic depression) is a mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, concentration, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.

There are three types of bipolar disorder. All three types involve clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. These moods range from periods of extremely “up,” elated, irritable, or energized behavior (known as manic episodes) to very “down,” sad, indifferent, or hopeless periods (known as depressive episodes). Less severe manic periods are known as hypomanic episodes.

Manic Episode

A manic episode is a period of at least one week when a person is extremely high-spirited or irritable most of the day for most days, possesses more energy than usual, and experiences at least three of the following changes in behavior:

-Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feeling energetic despite significantly less -sleep than usual
-Increased or faster speech
-Uncontrollable racing thoughts or quickly changing ideas or topics when speaking
-Distractibility
-Increased activity (e.g., restlessness, working on several projects at once)
-Increased risky behavior (e.g., reckless driving, spending sprees)

Symptoms of a manic episode commonly require a person to receive hospital care to stay safe.

Depressive episode

A major depressive episode is a period of at least two weeks in which a person has at least five of the following symptoms (including at least one of the first two symptoms):

-Intense sadness or despair
-Loss of interest in activities the person once enjoyed
-Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
-Fatigue
-Increased or decreased sleep
-Increased or decreased appetite
-Restlessness (e.g., pacing) or slowed speech or movement
-Difficulty concentrating
-Frequent thoughts of death or suicide

Bipolar I Disorder— defined by manic episodes that last at least 7 days, or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the person needs immediate hospital care. Usually, depressive episodes occur as well, typically lasting at least 2 weeks. Episodes of depression with mixed features (having depressive symptoms and manic symptoms at the same time) are also possible.

Bipolar II Disorder— defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown manic episodes that are typical of Bipolar I Disorder.

Cyclothymic Disorder (also called Cyclothymia)— defined by periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years (1 year in children and adolescents). However, the symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic episode and a depressive episode.

People with bipolar I disorder frequently have other mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The risk of suicide is significantly higher among people with bipolar I disorder than among the general population.

Treatment

Bipolar disorder symptoms commonly improve with treatment. Medication is the cornerstone of bipolar disorder treatment, though talk therapy (psychotherapy) can help many patients learn about their illness and adhere to medications, preventing future mood episodes.

Medications known as “mood stabilizers” (e.g., lithium) are the most commonly prescribed type of medications for bipolar disorder. These medications are believed to correct imbalanced brain signaling. Because bipolar disorder is a chronic illness in which mood episodes typically recur, ongoing preventive treatment is recommended. Bipolar disorder treatment is individualized; people with bipolar disorder may need to try different medications before finding what works best for them.

In some cases, when medication and psychotherapy have not helped, an effective treatment known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used. ECT involves several rounds of a brief electrical current applied to the scalp while the patient is under anesthesia, leading to a short, controlled seizure. ECT-induced seizures are believed to remodel brain signaling pathways.

Since bipolar disorder can cause serious disruptions in a person’s daily life and create a stressful family situation, family members may also benefit from professional resources, particularly mental health advocacy and support groups. From these sources, families can learn strategies for coping, participating actively in the treatment, and obtaining support.

If you like and want to learn more

[Carrompool_]

Thank you sir, I' a patient of this deases, I stopped taking medicines for 15 days, your lecture makes me aware of not stopping this.

[drranjanbhattacharyya]

Wonderful presentation, very simple, lucid and informative.

[JasintaDsouza]

Thank you soo much Doctor…it’s is a very useful and informative 🙏

[JosepvPv]

Very wonderful video.Even ordinary people get high valuable information and self examination.May God bless you and thank you very much.

[preethibalaji]

Crystal clear Presentation. Thank you Dr

[chandrikaliyanage]

Very clear and useful video .thank sir

[mayurbramhane]

A well explained detailed description of bipolar disorder, hatts off

[haritha]

Very useful ... Thank you doctor for ur wonderful research and presentation

[businessintegration]

amazing, very very simple and understandable

[PoonamGupta]

Sir, what to say.
My so many doubts are cleared when I listen to you.
Clean, clear, crisp.
Sir, kindly upload some videos on conduct disorders, psychiatry rehabilitation, group therapy, psychotropic drugs, dissociation, eating disorder

[Hiba-vgdj]

I am a person who have BPAD and takes treatment but i feel i am not existing and seeing people as a mysterious creature

[shrutijoshi]

Very elaborative ... I will go through your all videos doctor . Thanks for sharing all very systematically with us .🙏💐

[tufailmuhammad]

What is the duration of manic episode? And would mania go away completely?

[manzoorali]

Sir upload some information regarding CBT

[swatioberoi]

Amazing video sir .sir kindly start forensic psychiatry series as they are least taught in medical colleges.. waiting for more videos thanku sir

[Intellectual-things]

Thanks you so much Dr for this explanation... My brother is diagnosed with bipolar disorder... doctor suggest us to go with ECT after 1 weeks of medication... After watching your videos I get hope that my brother Will be as a same person he is before.... Thank you Dr for time to explain about bpad ... Thank you so God bless you and your family.

[mtarequeansari]

Excellent Sir can u upload selection of antidepressants

[sindhitheheroes]

Sir my brother is suffering from Bipolar Affective Disorder he left medication after 1st manic episode He has now 2nd manic episode but this episode is Severe than first one
Now he is on medication from one month but still he has a lot of anger and uncontrollable mood swings
Please help me Dr.

[gauravvashisth-qf]

Sir mujhe mania hai...2 episodes mania ke aa chuke hai....how many years should i take medicines according to you?

[ashlesha]

Sir plz make presentation on Dissociative multiple disorder. It will very helpful for us .