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The BM-21"Grad" (English: BM-21"Hail") launch vehicle (Russian: БМ-21 "Град"), (Grad) a Soviet truck-mounted 122 mm multiple rocket launcher,[1] and a M-21OF rocket[2] were developed in the early 1960s. BM stands for boyevaya mashina (combat vehicle), and the nickname grad means "hail". The complete system with the BM-21 launch vehicle and the M-21OF rocket is designated as the M-21 Field Rocket System. The complete system is more commonly known as a Grad multiple rocket launcher system. In NATO countries, the system (either the complete system or the launch vehicle only) was initially known as M1964. Several other countries have copied it or developed similar systems.
In service 1963–present
Used by See Operators
Wars Vietnam War
Lebanese Civil War
Western Sahara War
Angolan Civil War
Cambodian–Vietnamese War
Sino-Vietnamese War
Iran–Iraq War
Soviet War in Afghanistan
Gulf War
Nagorno-Karabakh War
First Chechen War
1995 Cenepa War
Second Chechen War
Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
Russo-Georgian War
Cambodian–Thai border dispute
Operation Serval
War in Donbass
Current operators[edit]
Afghanistan
Algeria: 48
Angola: 75
Armenia: 47 + 44 in Nagorno Karabakh service
Azerbaijan: 63
Bangladesh: KRL 122, Type 90B
Belarus: BM-21 and BM-21A "BelGrad"
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 6
Bulgaria: 192 active and 200 in storage
Burkina Faso: 10
Burundi: 12
Cambodia: 100
Cameroon: 50
Chad: 4
Côte d'Ivoire: 20
Croatia: 64
Cuba: 240
Cyprus: 4
Democratic Republic of the Congo: 6
Djibouti: 12
Ecuador: 10
Egypt: 85
Eritrea: 25
Ethiopia: 10
Georgia
Greece: 116 RM-70
Hungary: 46
India: 150+
Indonesia: N/A RM-70 (operated by marines)
Iran: 100+
Iraq: 55
Kazakhstan: 100[21]
Kyrgyzstan: 21[22]
Lebanon: 30—including some BM-11
Liberia: ?
Libya: 200+
Mali: 2
Moldova: 14
Mongolia: 130[23][24]
Morocco: 36
Mozambique: 5
Myanmar: 30
Namibia: 4
Nicaragua: 30
Nigeria: 10 BM-21 Grad, 25 APR-21 and APR-40
North Korea
Pakistan: 25
State of Palestine Gaza: Hamas and other militants (including Iranian made 20 km range and Chinese 40 km range Grad variants)[6][25][26]
Peru: 14[27]
Poland: 219[28]
Republic of Macedonia: 12
Republic of the Congo: 6
Romania: 352 APR-40 (124 being upgraded to LAROM)
Russia: 982;[29] rockets with the expired term using for training 9F839-1 Bobr. 2,500 (1,700 of them in storage) as of 2012 Military Balance International Institute for Strategic Studies 2012
Sahrawi Republic: 10[30]-15
Serbia: 348
Somalia: 19
Somaliland: 169
Sri Lanka: 5
Syria: 270
Tajikistan: 10[31]
Tanzania: 1?
Thailand: 6 Type 81 SPRL
Turkmenistan: 56[32]
Ukraine: 400
Uzbekistan: 36[33]
Venezuela: 52
Vietnam: 350
Yemen: 280
Zambia: 50
Zimbabwe: 25
The BM-21"Grad" (English: BM-21"Hail") launch vehicle (Russian: БМ-21 "Град"), (Grad) a Soviet truck-mounted 122 mm multiple rocket launcher,[1] and a M-21OF rocket[2] were developed in the early 1960s. BM stands for boyevaya mashina (combat vehicle), and the nickname grad means "hail". The complete system with the BM-21 launch vehicle and the M-21OF rocket is designated as the M-21 Field Rocket System. The complete system is more commonly known as a Grad multiple rocket launcher system. In NATO countries, the system (either the complete system or the launch vehicle only) was initially known as M1964. Several other countries have copied it or developed similar systems.
In service 1963–present
Used by See Operators
Wars Vietnam War
Lebanese Civil War
Western Sahara War
Angolan Civil War
Cambodian–Vietnamese War
Sino-Vietnamese War
Iran–Iraq War
Soviet War in Afghanistan
Gulf War
Nagorno-Karabakh War
First Chechen War
1995 Cenepa War
Second Chechen War
Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
Russo-Georgian War
Cambodian–Thai border dispute
Operation Serval
War in Donbass
Current operators[edit]
Afghanistan
Algeria: 48
Angola: 75
Armenia: 47 + 44 in Nagorno Karabakh service
Azerbaijan: 63
Bangladesh: KRL 122, Type 90B
Belarus: BM-21 and BM-21A "BelGrad"
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 6
Bulgaria: 192 active and 200 in storage
Burkina Faso: 10
Burundi: 12
Cambodia: 100
Cameroon: 50
Chad: 4
Côte d'Ivoire: 20
Croatia: 64
Cuba: 240
Cyprus: 4
Democratic Republic of the Congo: 6
Djibouti: 12
Ecuador: 10
Egypt: 85
Eritrea: 25
Ethiopia: 10
Georgia
Greece: 116 RM-70
Hungary: 46
India: 150+
Indonesia: N/A RM-70 (operated by marines)
Iran: 100+
Iraq: 55
Kazakhstan: 100[21]
Kyrgyzstan: 21[22]
Lebanon: 30—including some BM-11
Liberia: ?
Libya: 200+
Mali: 2
Moldova: 14
Mongolia: 130[23][24]
Morocco: 36
Mozambique: 5
Myanmar: 30
Namibia: 4
Nicaragua: 30
Nigeria: 10 BM-21 Grad, 25 APR-21 and APR-40
North Korea
Pakistan: 25
State of Palestine Gaza: Hamas and other militants (including Iranian made 20 km range and Chinese 40 km range Grad variants)[6][25][26]
Peru: 14[27]
Poland: 219[28]
Republic of Macedonia: 12
Republic of the Congo: 6
Romania: 352 APR-40 (124 being upgraded to LAROM)
Russia: 982;[29] rockets with the expired term using for training 9F839-1 Bobr. 2,500 (1,700 of them in storage) as of 2012 Military Balance International Institute for Strategic Studies 2012
Sahrawi Republic: 10[30]-15
Serbia: 348
Somalia: 19
Somaliland: 169
Sri Lanka: 5
Syria: 270
Tajikistan: 10[31]
Tanzania: 1?
Thailand: 6 Type 81 SPRL
Turkmenistan: 56[32]
Ukraine: 400
Uzbekistan: 36[33]
Venezuela: 52
Vietnam: 350
Yemen: 280
Zambia: 50
Zimbabwe: 25
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