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Capacitor Explosion
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Capacitor explosion
Capacitor explodes due to over voltage or change in polarities.
All capacitors have a voltage rating associated with the device. Ceramic capacitors, made from interlaced layers of conductors on a ceramic substrate tend to have a very high rating from 10V to over 1000V...
However, these capacitors do not tend to "explode" but rather, they will just smoke when the dielectric is shorted through and then opened with high current.
Exploding capacitors tend to be from the electrolytic family and they commonly do so when "charged" with a reverse polarity.
Electrolytics are made with an aluminum foil and a form of electrolyte commonly embedded in a paste or soaked into a paper layer.
The issue with electrolytic capacitors is that they have a polarity associated with their plates or leads and they also need to be conditioned over time to maintain the dielectric (aluminum oxide) layer that forms on the anode (Capacitors). If the polarity of the voltage between the plates is reversed, the Al2O3 layer will quickly break down, the electrolyte will conduct high amounts of current, and with the heat the electrolyte will eventually vaporize into a gas. The metal containers of electrolyte capacitors are manufactured to fail with a split in the can, hopefully venting the gas in a controlled manner.
Capacitor explodes due to over voltage or change in polarities.
All capacitors have a voltage rating associated with the device. Ceramic capacitors, made from interlaced layers of conductors on a ceramic substrate tend to have a very high rating from 10V to over 1000V...
However, these capacitors do not tend to "explode" but rather, they will just smoke when the dielectric is shorted through and then opened with high current.
Exploding capacitors tend to be from the electrolytic family and they commonly do so when "charged" with a reverse polarity.
Electrolytics are made with an aluminum foil and a form of electrolyte commonly embedded in a paste or soaked into a paper layer.
The issue with electrolytic capacitors is that they have a polarity associated with their plates or leads and they also need to be conditioned over time to maintain the dielectric (aluminum oxide) layer that forms on the anode (Capacitors). If the polarity of the voltage between the plates is reversed, the Al2O3 layer will quickly break down, the electrolyte will conduct high amounts of current, and with the heat the electrolyte will eventually vaporize into a gas. The metal containers of electrolyte capacitors are manufactured to fail with a split in the can, hopefully venting the gas in a controlled manner.
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