Freezing water expands. What if you don't let it?

REFERENCES

Page with TONS of info about water and ice

Specifically, a graph showing density & temperature & pressure along the phase line!!!!!

Water freezing in isochoric conditions (theory):

Water pressure/density calculator

Article about pressure vs temperature vs volume expansion: Using freezing as a source of energy

Latent heat of water at 0C

Mariana Trench

Regelation on wikipedia

Using Ice VI to freeze meat without tissue damage


MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics

Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!

Created by Henry Reich

[maxdudek]

Wow I didn't know they came out with Ice III already, I must have missed Ice II

[smartereveryday]

Well, now I just want a video about ice 3

[Ryukachoo]

Not mentioned; when doing this in real life, those pressure numbers get terrifying really fast. The ice desperately wants to form and will rip steel pipes apart, freezing instantly as it finally has room to pipes busting in winter

[darkAwesome]

"Oh don't worry, nothing weird happens, it just turns into an entirely new form of ice"

[TKSSLCHN]

If anyone else is wondering about Ice I and II:
I: Normal ice as we know it, i.e. forming around 0°C and 1 bar.
II: Formed from further cooling down ice I at a high pressure, for example at -75°C and 300 bar
III: As discussed here: Freezing water under high pressure. Can be further turned into either Ice I or Ice II as well.
And then there are like 15 more ice types that form at different pressure/temperature combinations.

[Owen_loves_Butters]

That's why the term "incompressible" is a bit misleading. Water can be compressed, it's just that even a tiny bit of compression results in absurd amounts of pressure, since water molecules (or any liquid particles) push back against each other VERY strongly when they get close. Electromagnetism is a crazy strong force.

[yellowwoodstraveler]

I asked this question about 25 years ago in my first ever high school science class. The science teacher went and got the chemistry teacher. He thought it was a great question but he didn't know what the actual answer was. I've never stopped wondering! I hope he's still around, I'll send this to him and see if he remembers me asking all those years ago.

[Klick]

Ice melting under pressure is oddly relatable

[DarkonFullPower]

"If Ice is so cool, why haven't have made Ice II yet?"

Physics: "Bro we're at, like, Ice XIX right now."

[usptact]

You: ha, I will hack universe!
Universe: <makes ice III> no you don’t.

[bjbboy]

Wait, how have I never heard of Ice III before? I feel like we need a video just on that.

[Amonimus]

Not only there are different types of ice, there are about freaking 20 of them, depending on the pressure.

[TheLowey]

Explaining complex topics so concisely in a minute is genius

[QANashvilleRealEstate]

Learned in undergrad chemical engineering ice actually has 18 crystal structures (aka building blocks and they’ve actually found an ice-19) in which it can form depending on the surrounding conditions. Truly fascinating!

Another fun fact the way iron forms it starts out bcc or body center cubic and at higher temps it switches to a fcc or face centered cubic structure and you can physically watch a piece of iron change it’s crystal structure

[Sensei_BigJoe]

2:30 I thought when you said "wait, wat-er you doing" was about to be a step brother joke lol

[besmart]

Just watch out for ice nine. That stuff will really ruin your day, and everyone else’s.

[tildejustin]

Solid ice phases are actually extremely interesting, and there are quite a few of them. It's a fun research topic to expand (ha) your knowledge about crystalline structures and phase transitions.

[nehukybis]

I think the most exciting phase of water is Ice IX, as described in a paper by K. Vonnegut, J. Jonah and K. Trout, appearing in the Summer 1963 edition of the journal "Cat's Cradle".

[twelved]

For y’all surprised that Ice III exists alongside Ice II, you should probably know that Ice VII (7) exists as well. Idk how much higher the numbers go lol

[colin_henry]

Great explanation for triple point! Never understood how it works in practice until now