Kidneys (Functions, Structures, Coverings, Nephron)

Content:
0:00 Introduction
0:45 Topography of Kidney
1:16 Functions of Kidneys
3:37 External Structures
4:30 Coverings of the Kidneys
6:26 Internal Structures of Kidneys
9:36 Renal Lobe - Nephron

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Topography of the Kidney:
- Right Kidney is lower than the left kidney
- Both start at T12
- Left one Ends at L2 and the Right end at L3

Functions of Kidneys:
- Plasma Filtration
○ Through Nephron
- Excretion of waste productions
- Acid-Base Homeostasis
- Hormone Production
- Vitamin D Metabolism

External Structures:
- 120-200 grams
- 10-13 cm Long
- 5-6 cm wide
- 4 cm thick
- Inferior pole (Extremitas Inferior)
- Superior Pole Extremitas Superior) has suprarenal gland on it
- Lateral Bordner (Margo Lateralis)
- Medial Border (Margo Medialis)
○ Hilum of Kidney (Hilum Renalis)

Coverings of the Kidneys:
- Fibrous Capsule (Capsula Fibrosa)
- Perinephric Fat (Capsula Adiposa)
- Renal Fascia (Fascia Renalis)
○ Anterior Layer
§ Prerenal Layer (Lamina Prerenalis)
§ Fascia of Toldt
○ Posterior Layer
§ Retrorenal Layer (Lamina Retrorenalis)
§ Fascia of Zuckerkandl
○ Fuse Laterally
○ Peritoneum

Internal Structures:
- Sinus Renalis
- Renal Sinus Fat
- Renal Pelvis (Pelvis Renalis)
- Renal Calyces (Calyces Renalis)
- Renal Medulla (Medulla Renalis)
○ Renal Pyramids (Pyramides Renales)
○ Renal Lobes (Lobi Renales)
○ The base of the Renal Pyramids
○ The apex of the Renal Pyramids
○ Renal Papilla (Papillae Renales)
○ Renal Medullary Rays (Radii Medullares)
○ Loop of Henle and Collecting duct
○ Openings of Papillary Ducts (Foramina Papillaria)
- Renal Cortex (Cortex Renalis)
○ 4-11 mm thick
○ Renal Columns (Columna Renalis)
○ Has Renal Corpuscle, Proximal Convoluted tube, and Distal convoluted tube
- Minor Renal Calyces (Calyx renales Minor)
- Major Renal Calyces (Calyx Renales Major)

Renal Lobe - Nephron:
- Renal Corpuscle (Corpusculum Renis)
○ Glomerulus
○ Afferent Arteriole (Vas Afferens)
○ Efferent Arteriole (Vas Efferens)
○ Glomerular Capsule (Capsula Glomeruli)
- Proximal Convoluted Tube (Tubulus Proximalis)
○ Convoluted Part
○ Straight Part
- Loop of Henle (Ansa Nephroni)***
○ Ascending Part
○ Descending Part
- Distal Convoluted Tube (Tubulus Distalis)
- Collecting Duct (Ductus Colligentes)
- Papillary Duct (Ductus Papillares)
- Opening of Papillary Duct (Foramina papillaria)

Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Complete Anatomy by 3d4medical
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures

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[Dilip_DS]

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[RozyAso]

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[ilsepuente]

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[HealthHacksDaily]

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[SafeeyahSambo]

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[mortezahabibnia]

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[MrEvanston]

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[marianb]

Love the VISUALS!! I can see the structures. I may not understand everything, but this is WAY better than a schematic diagram. You can see the dimensions and everything🙏🏿🙏🏿 I will certainly look to see if you have other supporting videos for my nursing fundamentals.😊 God bless you!👋🏿

[YashfaHub]

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[ramchaitannya]

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[saadjatoi]

I'm grateful for this comprehensive session. Literally helped me. ❤

[triciadwarica]

This is such a great video and it helped me tremulously … I was struggling on Kidney Cannulation for Kidney pumps for Procurement and this explanation of anatomy really helped!!! Thanks! ❤😊😊

[g_a-lwxe]

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[visasiabeenzu]

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[mukeshmantiyan]

It's best video on kidney so far among all videos