Abstractmethod explained in python

certainly! in python, the `abstractmethod` is a decorator that is used to define abstract methods in an abstract base class (abc). an abstract method is a method that is declared without an implementation. this means that any subclass derived from the abstract base class must provide an implementation for the abstract method. abstract methods are useful when you want to enforce a contract for subclasses, ensuring that they implement certain methods.

### key points:
- an abstract base class cannot be instantiated directly.
- any subclass derived from an abstract base class must implement all abstract methods.
- the `abc` module in python provides the necessary tools to create abstract base classes and methods.

### steps to create an abstract method:
1. import the `abc` module and the `abc` and `abstractmethod` decorators.
2. create a class that inherits from `abc`.

### example tutorial

let's walk through an example to illustrate how to use `abstractmethod`.

#### step 1: importing required modules

#### step 2: defining an abstract base class

in this example, `animal` is an abstract base class that has two abstract methods: `sound` and `move`. notice that we don't provide any implementation for these methods; we simply use `pass`.

#### step 3: creating subclasses

now we will create subclasses that implement the abstract methods.

here, we have two subclasses: `dog` and `bird`. both classes implement the abstract methods defined in the `animal` class.

#### step 4: using the subclasses

now, we can create instances of the subclasses and call their methods.

### complete code example

putting everything together, here is the complete example:

### explanation of the output

when you run the above code, the output will be:

### conclusion

using `abstractmethod` and abstract base classes in python allows you to define a clear interface for subclasses to follow. ...

#python abstractmethod arguments
#python abstractmethod override
#python abstractmethod staticmethod
#python abstractmethod decorator
#python abstractmethod property

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