Why is Ireland divided into two countries?

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Until the beginning of the 1920s, all of Ireland was ruled directly by Britain.
However, many people in Ireland were nationalists and wanted independence from Britain.
Sinn Féin, an Irish nationalist party, proclaimed the establishment of the Irish Republic in 1919.
The next year, Britain split the island of Ireland into two parts, the north and northeast, which were mostly Protestant, and the south and northwest, which were mostly Catholic. However, the proposal was rejected by republicans, and the Irish Free State was created in 1922. The northeast, which is now called Northern Ireland, withdrew and quickly accepted autonomy within the United Kingdom.

In 1937, a new constitution changed the name of the nation to Ireland, and Dublin was chosen as the Irish Free State's capital. In 1949, the country became a republic and separated from the British Commonwealth.

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Short answer: Plantation of ulster and British colonialism

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