EMC Part 38. What is Ground Loop and how is Created Unintentionally. How to Break the Ground Loop.

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Transmitting data over long distances is fraught with potential problems. A ground loop can be a source of interference that can induce a noise voltage between the grounds on either end of the transmission. If this voltage is large enough, it can cause data errors at the receiver.
Ground loops are a major contributor to the propagation of RF energy. RF current will try to flow through any path or medium; components, wire harness, ground planes, adjacent trace, etc. RF current is created between a source and load in the return path. This due to the voltage potential difference between the two grounds.

Results:

coupling occurs between traces and circuits.
creates magnetic loops which in turn cause RF emissions.

If the ground loop is caused by an unintentional connection of a cable shield to ground, then the ground loop is easily removed by eliminating the unintentional connection to ground. This work focuses on breaking ground loops

We can break ground loops by:

converting to a single point grounding system.
Improving the isolation of the two circuits.

Isolation can be achieved by using:

1. Transformers
2. Common-Mode Chokes
3. Optical Couplers
4. Balanced Circuitry
5. Frequency Selective Grounding (Hybrid Grounds).

[suyogtaday]

Any detail and complete book on this topic available???

[yasirshahzad]

How the common mode chok removes the ground loop?