EMC Filter Design Part 1: Understanding Common Mode and Differential Mode Noise

[ramazanyaman]

Thank you Mr. Shirsavar for your explanation. It really helped me to understand the basics regarding Common mode and Differential mode currents in an easier way.

[seeker]

Holy god.... Something i was searching for so long... God bless... Keep up the good work... Thanks!

[sridharchitta]

Differential-mode and common-mode signals are important to understand in the design of complex signal-conditioning circuits which use operational amplifiers in medical diagnostic, industrial control and military applications.

Operational amplifiers mainly excel in performance to provide a high common-mode rejection ratio and high gain. By using negative feedback, its overall gain, input impedance and bandwidth are determined by external components without these parameters being affected by the op-amp’s parameter variations due to external influences like temperature and so on.
Most amplifiers built using discrete transistors will not be able to match the performance characteristics of an operational amplifier like CMRR, low drift, high input impedance and stability of gain.

Engineers are so used to thinking and visualising currents as differential-mode in circuit analysis that they find it hard to switch their thinking to common-mode currents and their effects in say, amplifying circuits.

It will be instructive to understand and visualise Current at its most fundamental level in the presence of electric fields in ordinary conductors.
Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science not two. To learn the operation of circuits, Current and the conduction process, resistors and how discussing these topics makes it easier to understand the operation of capacitors, inductors, diodes and their operation in amplifier circuits and circuit theory watch these two videos

Most common-mode signals originate because of sources external to the system, and the energy in them circulates annoyingly until it is dissipated in resistive portions.
Therefore the need arises for amplifiers to amplify only the useful differential signal and reject the common-mode component which does not belong to the signal conditioning system. Such an amplifier is used as the first stage of an operational smplifier which opens the door to allow a signal from a sensor ‘in’, so to say and so the importance given to this stage.

Topics related to these aspects are discussed in chapters 3 and 5 of textbook 4 (see last frame References in video #1) and a power point presentation with animations “Basic Action of a Differential Amplifer-Heart of the Opamp” which explains differential amplifier with a U-tube manometer analogy of differential- and common- mode signals is included in the CD alongwith this book.

[ahmedazad]

Dr. Ali, you are the best. I was looking for some simple explanations regarding this topic for soo long...please make more videos on the EMI/EMC issues

[infcastro]

Man! Great information but that market noise is painful to hear. Please please please do something about it.

[hugohuaman]

Thank you Mr. Shirsavar for your explanation.

[bobbauvian]

thank you so much. but may I say, something while you are running those markers on the paper the noise make me feel like my limbs are coming off.

[mohammedshalash]

Too advanced for me, I need to design a simple common mode to measure the differential leakage current (50 hz 230V AC) any advice will be very helpful and appreciated. THANKS

[amireshraghi]

Thanks for great tutorial, Just have questions how do you calculate Zin if you are using a AC-DC module.

[nishantkumar-jzhb]

Hello Sir...I like the way you explain these topics with have a question: How to visualise the common mode noise..when the return is sorted with earth....
Also on the digital circuits of PCB...say a LVTTL clk singal....when normally the return is a DGND plane....how to visualise the common mode and differentiation mode current....
Please give your inputs...

[zhitailiu]

Every time, really excellent tutorial!
Thank you so much!

[basaltnow]

as usual...brilliant explanation, just stellar.

[kelma]

Since you drew the direction of -ve idm in the direction opposite to +ve idm already, the waveform of -ve ldm should have the same shape as +ve ldm, instead of being inverted.

[StefanStern]

Wow! Thank your very much! This is the best explanation!

[karinemw]

Wow this is a great video. Thank you so much.

[NatanKalgin]

Thanks Dr. Ali for this helpfull guide.

[agstechnicalsupport]

Good and instructive video. Thank you for posting !

[korkutkutaymetin]

Thanks for the video series but there is only one thing that ı do not understand. I am designing my own emc filter for my ac-dc power supply. I do not know Fcutoff and L-C. Can you help me please. (By the way my power supply works on 47to63 hz is that my Fcutoff ?)

[James_Bowie]

What I think needs to be made clear here is that common mode currents flow in the same direction as each other and are additive, as compared to differential mode currents which flow in opposite direction to each other and are thus subtractive.

[ravdobrzynski]

0:32 +ve Idm = -veIdm ?? mirrored? Fliped? FIFO? FILO?