Functions in python python tutorial day 20

# python tutorial day 20: functions

welcome to day 20 of our python tutorial series! today, we will dive deeper into functions, which are a fundamental aspect of python programming. functions allow you to encapsulate code into reusable blocks, making your programs more organized and modular.

## what is a function?

a function is a block of reusable code that performs a specific task. functions can take inputs (called parameters), perform operations, and return outputs.

### defining a function

in python, you define a function using the `def` keyword, followed by the function name and parentheses. the syntax is as follows:

### example: a simple function

let's start with a simple example that defines a function to add two numbers:

### function parameters

functions can accept parameters, which allow you to pass values into the function. you can define default values for parameters, making them optional.

#### example: default parameters

### return statement

the `return` statement is used to exit a function and send a value back to the caller. if there is no `return` statement, the function will return `none` by default.

#### example: returning multiple values

you can return multiple values from a function using tuples:

### variable scope

variables defined inside a function are local to that function and cannot be accessed outside of it. conversely, variables defined outside of functions can be accessed globally.

#### example: scope of variables

### lambda functions

python also supports anonymous functions, known as lambda functions. these are defined using the `lambda` keyword and are typically used for short, throwaway functions.

#### example: lambda function

### higher-order functions

functions in python can also accept other functions as arguments. these are known as higher-order functions.

#### example: using a higher-order function

### conclusion

functions are a powerful feature in python that help you organize your code and mak ...

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