#32 Python Tutorial for Beginners | Functions in Python

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In this lecture we are discussing:
#1 What are functions?
#2 Arguments in function
#3 return statement in python

#1
-- A function is a block of code that performs a specific task.
-- Functions are used to break down larger programs into smaller and more manageable chunks,
making it easier to read, test, and debug code.
-- Functions can take input arguments, perform operations on them, and return output values.
-- To define a function in Python, you use the def keyword followed by the function name,
input parameters (if any), and a colon. The function body is then indented and contains the code to be executed.

# Here's an example of a simple Python function that takes two arguments and returns their sum:
def add_numbers(a, b):
sum = a + b
return sum

add_numbers(4,5) # calling the function
# without calling the function cannot run

#2
Arguments in python
-- whatever variable is used inside a function during the defining of the function is called a formal argument.
-- whatever value you passed during the calling is called actual arguments.

#3
-- The return statement is used to exit a function and return a value.
-- The return statement can be used to return a value from a function.
-- The return statement can also be used to exit a function without returning a value.
-- If the return statement is without any expression, then the special value None is returned.
-- Functions without a return statement return None as their result.
def add_sub(x,y):
c = x+y
d = x-y
return c,d

result1,result2 = add_sub(4,5)
print(result1,result2)

# The above code defines a Python function called add_sub that takes two input arguments x and y. The function first adds x and y and stores the result in a variable called c. It then subtracts y from x and stores the result in a variable called d. Finally, it returns both c and d as a tuple.

# The function can be called with two arguments, as shown in the line result1,result2 = add_sub(4,5). This line assigns the values returned by the add_sub function to the variables result1 and result2, respectively. The print statement then outputs the values of result1 and result2 to the console.

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