Apple Watch No-Prick Blood Glucose Monitor Could Change Diabetes Care

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Apple Inc. has a moonshot-style project underway that dates back to the Steve Jobs era: noninvasive and continuous blood glucose monitoring.

The goal of this secret endeavor — dubbed E5 — is to measure how much glucose is in someone’s body without needing to prick the skin for blood. After hitting major milestones recently, the company now believes it could eventually bring glucose monitoring to market, according to people familiar with the effort.

If perfected, such a breakthrough would be a boon to diabetics and help cement Apple as a powerhouse in health care. Adding the monitoring system to the Apple Watch, the ultimate goal, would also make that device an essential item for millions of diabetics around the world.

There’s still years of work ahead, but the move could upend a multibillion-dollar industry. Roughly 1 in 10 Americans have diabetes, and they typically rely on a device that pokes the skin for a blood sample. There are also patches from Dexcom Inc. and Abbott Laboratories that are inserted into the skin but need to be replaced about every two weeks.

Apple is taking a different approach, using a chip technology known as silicon photonics and a measurement process called optical absorption spectroscopy. The system uses lasers to emit specific wavelengths of light into an area below the skin where there is interstitial fluid — substances that leak out of capillaries — that can be absorbed by glucose. The light is then reflected back to the sensor in a way that indicates the concentration of glucose. An algorithm then determines a person’s blood glucose level.

Hundreds of engineers are working on the project as part of Apple’s Exploratory Design Group, or XDG, a previously unreported effort akin to X, the moonshot division of Alphabet Inc. It’s one of the most covert initiatives at the famously secretive Apple. Even fewer people are involved in it than the company’s self-driving car undertaking, overseen by the Special Projects Group, or the mixed-reality headset, which is being developed by its Technology Development Group.

The news weighed on shares of diabetes technology companies on Wednesday, with both Dexcom and Abbott falling more than 3% before recovering somewhat. Apple was up 0.4% to $149.06 as of 12:45 p.m. in New York.

A spokesperson for Cupertino, California-based Apple declined to comment.

The company has tested the glucose technology on hundreds of people over the past decade. In human trials, it has used the system with people who don’t know if they’re diabetic, as well as people with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes. It has compared its own technology to standard tests on blood drawn from veins and samples taken from a prick in the skin, known as capillary blood.

Apple’s system — more than 12 years in the making — is now considered to be at a proof-of-concept stage, said the people, who asked not to be identified because the project is confidential. The company believes the technology is viable but needs to be shrunk down to a more practical size.

Engineers are working to develop a prototype device about the size of an iPhone that can be strapped to a person’s bicep. That would be a significant reduction from an early version of the system that sat atop a table.

One of Apple’s goals for the technology is to create a preventative measure that warns people if they’re prediabetic. They then could make lifestyle changes to try to avoid developing Type 2 diabetes, which occurs when a person’s body doesn’t use insulin properly. Apple’s regulatory team has already held early discussions about getting government approval for the system.

But there’s a reason it’s considered a moonshot goal. Numerous startups — and some of the world’s largest companies — have tried and failed to develop a noninvasive monitoring system. In 2014, Google announced plans to make smart contact lenses that could measure blood glucose through teardrops. It shelved the complex project in 2018.

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Been hearing this for last 15 years and Apple has not made any strides which is why they keep saying that this technology is many years away. There was no reason for them to again post the same information wasting peoples time.

KS-fgws
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Working on a technology for 14 years and still being many years away is about as useless as a news update can get

cassokon
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That way Apple can know exactly what’s going on in your body too. Don’t be shocked when ads about medications start popping up in your browser.

thebobloblawshow
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This isn’t breaking news like some might think it’s been in the works several years!!!! No need to get excited folks I’d love it if it’d happen now

jeffsmith-zewb
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2yrs apparently Apple are trialling new sensors and lasers, and some of the same software from the heart beat sensor…. Testing and development is most needed, then approved before it goes public

stuartsinclair
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*You Did Not Choose To Be Classified As Diabetic, But You Can Choose To Fight Back Against Diabetes* 💪

FightBackAgainstDiabetes
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I’m a T1D and I’ve been hearing about this since the conception of the Apple Watch and I’m still waiting! Thank goodness I wasn’t holding my breath. 🙄 The fall detection is the only useful feature that the Watch has implemented for Diabetics.

monicae
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meanwhile there are many rip offs taking advantage of the situation and making tons of dollars with their scam watches.

mrblurblur
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Oh my God I had no idea this is what Mark Gurman looked like

carterperry
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Will this Apple glucose monitoring system and Saliva based glucose monitoring system going to change the game in glucose monitoring in diabetic patients..???

Prick free / Sticker free

Should wait and see.

thepalebluedot
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Elizabeth Holmes demoed this capability years ago.

michaeldelatorre
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Why so expensive? Apple needs to stop with this. How are diabetic people supposed to measure their glucose if it costs like a billion dollars bruh

health_
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Whoop..
It's still yrs away...so why.put this out in a short. And then, yeah, they'd sell ur data@

clarekelsey
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An apple a day keeps the doctor away i guess

ilovesushi
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I know people who use it it's awesome.

shawndyer
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Thank you Dr Igudia for being the most trusted doctor among all, your professionalism was on a high standard, thank you for coming to help me out with my Type 2 Diabetes.

barnabasmuplang-nkfp
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This technology was available in the 1990s using a laser.

dirtyscoundrel
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I have a Andrew phone does it work like?

rubyjohnson
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Yes and then They get to sell your information to health insurance companies

SSB_Its_Me_SB
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Oh ok, great and then you guys go ahead and work on those insulins which needs noninvasive syringes that has to use with How about it, huh??? I'm still I'm 40 already, and have had diabetes for last 38 yrs. C'mon, people. People out there ARE STILL WAITING. SERIOUSLY. *SMH*

bethanybures-eczu