Who were the Proto-Indo-Europeans?

The existence of the Proto-Indo-Europeans (formerly referred to as Aryans) was once argued purely on linguistic evidence, but recent analysis of DNA of the Yamnaya culture and related steppe cultures, demonstrates their genetic legacy on Indo-European cultures in a timeframe that matches the expansion proposed by linguists.

Most interesting of all, despite the fact these people started off in the Pontic Caspian steppe of Eastern Europe, modern populations in all of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe all have a strong genetic affinity with them.

This video explains what genetic and linguistic evidence tells us about how they lived, what they looked like and what their pagan religion was like.

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Sources:
Massive migration from the steppe was source for Indo-European languages in Europe
Steppe people had healthy genes
90% of British DNA replaced in Neolithic by steppe descended invaders
3 populations make up modern Europeans
Culture and language among Corded ware people
Anthony, D., 'The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World'

[Survivethejive]

Learn more by reading the links and sources in the description. Please be civil in the comments.

[hersirivarr]

Indo-Europeans, what happens when a tribe spends all their tech-points on military technology.

[HoundofOdin]

So, where do you want to go?
Proto-Indo-Europeans: Yes.

[jaypee]

One small Steppe for man , one giant Steppe for

[boci_levu]

So Hinduism is the last trace of the original Indo-European religion before the mass conversion to Abrahamic religions?

[zbqnptb]

The indo-europeans are very indo-european

[jglammi]

there was no Turkey 3600 years ago. Better to say Anatolia

[HistoryTime]

I've been binging your channel over the last few days. Really enjoying it.

[archaeopteryx]

Pater Dyus = as a Spanish speaker thousands of years later, I could understand what that means immediately, no explanation is required. It's simply amazing. It's mind blowing really

[stefano_etrusco]

I'm Italian from Tuscany, and although all of my 8 great-grandparents were from Tuscany, my DNA admixture scan through GEDmatch came out with some surprising results. It was closer to the average Central European than I expected. Only 45% or so was ENF. Maybe it's because my mother's family probably had older Germanic origins, since their surname sounds like an Italianization of a German word. Now I understand why, when I was in the US, everybody thought I was from the Netherlands or France or something like that.

It's interesting and fascinating to find out something about our ancient bloodline, but one must always remember that, you know, people moved A LOT across the continent since then, and interbred AF. Otherwise you wouldn't have those blonde-haired blue-eyed Sicilians, probably descending from Normans that arrived there around year 1000 CE. They're not common, but they're there.

[pite]

So basically a Yamna man with a horse was like a man with a nice car in the 50's, a chick magnet. I totally get that, and it also explains why western girls seems to love horses.

[homelessrobot]

As an American, I really relate to people who call their cheiftains potis.

[hromundwodening]

That abrupt Burzum bit had me legitimately laughing out loud for a minute. Haha, great video as always Tom, and great sense of humour haha

[wadysawwotrzewiszczykowyck]

-watch Survive the Jive video
-listen to soothing and calm English accent for 20 minutes
-video ends
-fuck didn't pay attention have to re-watch
Every fucking time.

[yamnayaseed]

The beautiful thing about this language is that an English, Polish, Iranian and Indian persons can sit down listen to it and be like “hey I know this word!”. If you think about the word “ghosti” it is pretty universal

[vulpesinculta]

"Geysl" meant "prisoner"?

"Gijzelen" in Dutch means "to take hostage", a "gijzelaar" is a "hostage", and a "gijzelnemer" is a "hostage-taker". The "ij" in all of these words is an "ey" sound.

[dantehenry]

I'm not white but I love your work and your more modest demeanor. I'm thinking about doing something like this for Africans and middle easterners. I think you need to write a book compiling your interpretation of the data mate.

[magnomaxx]

I speak Portuguese, indo european idiom. I confess, when a read some hindi word i feel a strange
familiarity...

[historywithhilbert]

Triggered you forgot the Frisians but notwithstanding the lack of trigger warnings very much enjoyed the video 😉

[CassandraPantaristi]

Post-larnygeal late IE words:

Relating to agriculture:

aksis - axle
qéqlos - wheel
dreibō/wregō - I drive
éḱwos - horse
woghnos/woghos - wagon, cart
yugóm - yoke

Relating to war and conflict:

ḱóros - war, struggle
ḱóryos, strātos - troops, army
ṇsis, kladyos - sword
waldhō - I am powerful, I possess, I prevail

Relating to patriarchal society:

déms potis - master of the house
wedhō - I lead, I guide (sneubhō is more used as "to wed", which is where Greek gets nymph from.)
réǵs - king
wedō (but also serō or yungō) - I join together
wednos - bride price, dowry
sneubhā, snusós - daughter-in-law

Miscellenous words:

bhrewō - I brew (brewṛ "brewer")
álumṇ, sudhyom - beer
gheislos - hostage, prisoner
ghóstis - host
ghóstipots - guest
cōus (c represents gw) - cow
peḱu - cattle
oitos/loughyom - oath
agóm/spṛdyom - contest
apóqitis/qoinā -revenge
woinos - wine

Relating to society:

bhlendhos/bhḷwós - blonde-haired, red-haired
wéiḱs settlement, village
wéiḱō - I settle, I inhabit
wéiḱpotis/deuks - chieftain
eryós - nobleman, kinsman
nṛ, teutā - people, tribe
genos - race, kin
neros - hero

Gods (deiwós, dhēs):

Dyēus Pətḗr - Zeus, Jupiter, Tyr, Dyauṣ Pitā (God of the sky, husband of Diwónā)

Diwónā - Juno, Diana, Dione, Dēvī (Goddess of marriage, women, marriage, fertility, cows, grain, the land and sovereignty)


Sāwḷ - Sol, Sól, Helios (from Sāwelyos), Surya, sister of Mḗnōts, god of the moon

Swéns qéqlos - Sun wheel, wheel of the sun, Diwós oqos "eye of Dyeus"

Mḗnōts - Mene, Máni, Meno, Mēn

Perqū́nos - Parjanya, Perkuns, Perun, Pērkons (God of storms, and the cloudy sky)

Yemós - Yama, Yemir, Yima, Remus (earlier <Iemus) (God of dead, King of the underworld Bhudhmṇ)

Mánus - Manu, Mannus (God who started human life on Earth, god of peace and sovereignty, becomes the first priest and teaches humans how to make sacrifices and worship the gods, created humans from ash trees)

Ausōsā - Aurora, Eos, Ushas (Goddess of Dawn)

Weis, Áḱmōn, Dyēus (Sky, heaven, land of the Déiwōs)

Wíḱpotēs (Mṛ́tōs, Ánōs, Strútyōs) (Household Spirits, ancestors, some ancestral warriors are brought to Weis by the chedhrwōs and deified)

Áryomṇ (or Méitros) - Aryaman, Éremón, Ariomanus, Irmin, Airyaman, Mitra, Mithra, Mithras (God of trade, healing, law, contracts, peaceand social order)

Bhā́gos - Bhaga, (Daž)bog, Bagaios (God of fortune, wealth, and apportionment)

Wéstyā (Demspótnjā, Asónā) - Vesta, (Hestia) (the hearthfire, protector of the home and family)

Diwós Sūnewes "Sons of Dyeus" (Éḱwīnou) - Alcis, Dioskouroi, Ashvins, Ašvieniai (Twin horse gods who pull the wagons of the sun and moon. Gods of travel, luck, good harvest, war, sons of Dyēus Pətḗr and Ausōsā; lovers of Sā́wḷ)

Cī́drewom "Tree of Life" - (giant oak tree that connects the worlds)

Wēntōs (The winds, guardians of Cī́drewom): Wéyus (King of the winds) > Vayu, Vėjas, Venti, Vejapatis
Áusros (East, wind of prophecy and change)
Súnteros (South, wind of prosperity and creation)
Wéspros (West, wind of knowledge and mystery)
Ḱḗweros (North, wind of war and death)

Ṇgórā Déiwōm (assembly of the gods, established by Dyeus)

Néktēr (The drink that keeps the gods immortal, stolen by the Déiwōs
from the Dhwosōs)

Dhéǵhōm (Earth, land of humans) “Earth”

Dhǵhómonēs (Human beings, made by Manus from ash trees)

■ Ánsūs (chthonic gods)

Wélṇos - Veles, Vala/Varuna, Ullr, Vellaunos, Vēlinas, Walis (God of the
underworld, male fertility, husband of Príyā. Fought Perqū́nos in the
form of a serpent, Ṇchis, or Ṇgwis "snake").

Príyā (Wife of Welṇos, goddess of love, beauty, fertility, gardens,
summer, and youth) > Frigga, Priya, Priye, Frya

Dánu - Danu, Dānu (Wife of Áqōm Népot, goddess of rivers, healing, and prosperity, mother of tribes)

Dhéghōm Mā́tēr (Pḷtwyā́ Mā́tēr) - Demeter, Gaia, Zeme, Prithvi
Mater, Lelwani, Litavis, Mati Syra Zemlja, Žemyna (Mother goddess of the earth, plants, nature, fertility, motherhood, food, cooking, and agriculture, wife of Perqū́nos)

Wḷkānos - Vulcanus, Ulkan, Varcas, Velchanos (God of fire and Blacksmiths)

Pā́usōn - Pan, Pashupati, Puṣan, Faunus (psychopomp of the dead, God of the wild, part-man part goat, sings and dances)

Trī́tōn - Triton (Son of Ák w ōm Népot, god of the sea and sailors)

Álbhōs (Spirits of Nature) > Elves, Ṛbhu
○ Dréwyōs (Forest Spirits) > Dryads
○ Chédhruōs (Ḱorjōs) (Warrior spirits who accompany Perqū́nos, collecting the souls of those who die in battle)
○ Cháisōs (Mountain and Mist Spirits)
○ Chóndherwōs (Centaurs)
○ Nā́trīkēs (Ocean Spirits)
○ Néicēs/Néigwēs (Freshwater Spirits)
○ Serényéwes (Avenging furies, Sirens) > sirens, saranyas

● Mórinās (Snéntyās) (The three fates) “Weavers, Assignors,
Alloters” > Moiriai, Parcae, Norns

○ Ṛ́tā (Past) “Order” > Urðr
○ Wérontyā (Present) > Verðandi
○ Skólyā (Future) > Skuld

Récis/Régwis, Awónā (Flaming well that waters the g w īdoru, guarded by Áqōm Népots) “Deep place; Great Well”

Bhúdhmṇ/Mori (Underworld, land of the dead and the dhwṓsōs, the
sea) “bottom”

Dhwósōs (demons, outsiders)

○ Ǵéronts (Ferryman of souls to the underworld) “Old Man”
> Charon
○ Gā́gontes (Primeval giants, waged war against the Déiwōs)
○ Ḱeméros (giant bore who accompanies Ḱolyos)
○ Ḱérberos (Three headed giant dog who guards the underworld) ”Growler" > Cerberus, śarbala *k̑érberos

Ḱólyos (Goddess of death and the underworld) > Kalypso, Hel, Śarva(?)

With the afterlife, like the cycle of time, your soul get reincarnated after being in the underworld for some time (i.e. metempsychosis). And yes, both the bear, and the wolf, in Indo-European society were referred to by euphorisms because they believed if you said their names the animal would come after you. This also explains why Vikings raided while wearing the skin of a bear and acted like a bear. It was a way to overcome that fear. I am devoted to worshiping the Indo-European gods in their proto-form. Practices have been reconstructed to practice Proto-Indo-European religion. As for the creation myth, I have studied it, and made it poetic much like to that to the style of Ovid.

Deiwóns kṃti twéd esonti! (May the Gods be with you!) :)