9 TURBULENCE TYPES explained by CAPTAIN JOE

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00:00 Intro,
01:00 Thermal & Convective Turbulence
02:42 Wake-Turbulence
03:51 Mechanical Turbulence
04:39 Temperature Inversion Turbulence
05:20 Self-Induced Turbulence
06:30 Frontal Turbulence
07:06 Mountain Wave Turbulence
07:44 Thunderstorm Turbulence
08:35 Clear Air Turbulence
09:22 How do pilots and cabin crew deal with turbulence
13:23 Outro

Dear friends and followers, welcome back to my channel!
(article by the National Geographic)
Everyone has a story about hitting a rough patch of air, those hair-raising moments when suddenly more than the plane is flying. Bellies drop, drinks slop, and people caught in the aisle lurch against seats. In rare cases, it can even mean more than bumps or bruises.

In air travel, turbulence is a certainty and a major source of flight anxiety for flyers of all stripes. But understanding what causes turbulence, where it occurs, and the high-tech tools pilots use to make air travel safer and more comfortable may help settle even the most anxious flyer’s nerves.

What is turbulence?
The definition of turbulence is fairly straightforward: chaotic and capricious eddies of air, disturbed from a calmer state by various forces. If you’ve ever watched a placid thread of rising smoke break up into ever more disorganized swirls, you’ve witnessed turbulence.

Rough air happens everywhere, from ground level to far above cruising altitude. But the most common turbulence experienced by flyers has three common causes: mountains, jet streams, and storms.

Just as ocean waves break on a beach, air also forms waves as it encounters mountains. While some air passes smoothly over and onward, some air masses crowd against the mountains themselves, left with nowhere to go but up. These “mountain waves” can propagate as wide, gentle oscillations into the atmosphere, but they can also break up into many tumultuous currents, which we experience as turbulence.

Disorderly air associated with jet streams—the narrow, meandering bands of swift winds located near the poles—is caused by differences in wind velocities as an aircraft moves away from regions of maximum wind speeds. The decelerating winds create shear regions that are prone to turbulence.

And though it’s easy to understand turbulence created by thunderstorms, a relatively new discovery by researchers is that storms can generate bumpy conditions in faraway skies. The rapid growth of storm clouds pushes air away, generating waves in the atmosphere that can break up into turbulence hundreds to even thousands of miles away, says Robert Sharman, a turbulence researcher at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).

Each of these scenarios can cause “clear air turbulence,” or CAT, the least predictable or observable type of disturbance. CAT is often the culprit behind moderate to severe injuries, as it can occur so suddenly that flight crew don’t have time to instruct passengers to buckle up. According to the Federal Aviation Administration, 524 passengers and crew were reported injured by turbulence between 2002 and 2017.

Thank you very much for your time! I hope you enjoy this video!
Wishing you all the best!

Your "Captain" Joe

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[seher]

Captain Joe should open a flight school! You guys can't deny that he explains everything so well...

[RosyRosie]

As a passenger, I think turbulence scares me because I’m not sure what’s going on. The pilots know when it’s coming, they know they’re in control, they know how to deal with it. But in the back, I have no way of knowing if it was truly “turbulence, ” or if the plane is actually in a crisis, and I have no control of the situation. Fear of the unknown.

[nataliesulaiman]

Thank u for explaining. I fly a lot but still get SUPER anxious even at the smallest amount of turbulence. You explained this really well but I cry inside every time

[SimonLanghof]

From my experience as a passenger, the main cause for turbulence is the food/drink service starting in the cabin.

[ScissorsAndSmiles]

Anxious flier here - and this is exactly what I needed to hear. Thanks for explaining everything, Joe. It really helps!

[Michael_Livingstone]

More often than not, human anxiety makes the turbulence feel worse than it is. If I’m in a good mood and feeling upbeat, the turbulent experience doesn’t even bother me and even find it fun where as if I’m feeling anxious, the general movement of the aircraft bugs me.

[ESUSAMEX]

I am an aviation geek and a frequent flyer. I have read many books and other materials on the subject. Intellectually, I know an aircraft can handle a ton of stresses during a flight, and that most turbulence will not bring down a plane. But all this knowledge didn't really help during a flight from DFW to SEA a few years ago. About an hour into the flight, the plane began to shake violently. The captain got on the intercom and told everyone to return to their seats and buckle up. The flight attendants stopped whatever they were doing and ran back to their seats. We bounced around for a good 20 minutes. People began to scream out, cry and pray out loud. I tried to drown out the noise with my headphones and music, but I was unsuccessful. After many years of flying and many turbulent flights, this particular flight has to be the worst. I just held onto the seat and waited for the all clear from the flight crew. When we landed, several passengers swore to never board another flight. I would never swear off flying forever because I am imbued with a need to travel and fly, but I did need a few extra minutes to collect my thoughts before boarding my connecting flight.

[shred_]

For anxious flyers like me: If you experience turbulences, don't cling to your seat and try to sit straight. It will make the turbulences feel much worse. Try to relax as good as you can, and then just sway with the motion of the plane.

[danieladani]

As a private pilot, I had a pleasure to enter a turbulent area above the hills. The sudden air mass hit the ultra-light aircraft and I dropped by several feet, only to rise again. The whole cabin got messy from the items residing in the back container and I ended injured (minor cuts, which I have no clue how it happened). As a cabin crew which was my seasonal job, the captain announced for us to remain seated but I didn't make it to my seat in the aft galley. I ended on a first empty seat next to a passenger who was pleased a flight attendant joined him for a couple of minutes. I explained him what is happening and he was probably less nervous as well. :)

[phantomopera]

On a recent flight from MAD to JFK we went through severe, I mean it, turbulence for a couple of hours. When I checked my fitness band, my heart had been at 150 plus for over 45 minutes. That was my cardio for the day, thank you Iberia.

[loribolz]

Great information. I wish i had no fear of flying. I’ve done it but it always is stressful for me ( and my bf or whoever gets stuck flying with me) I bring books and word find puzzles to keep me busy but if turbulence lasts more than a few little bumps I can’t focus on anything but that. Palms get sweaty, stomach in knots. It sucks. 😢

[ramprasaddas]

Tomorrow My son will have a exam, but when Captain Joe Posted a Video, i called him Back to watch it. We both enjoyed your Informative Videos so much. Nice to Explain different types of turbulence. Beforehand I only knew about 3 types only.

[normadesmond]

I have followed you for a very long time, years even. You still look as young now as then. A lot can be attributed to a healthy lifestyle but as important is loving what you do. Most go thru life never doing what they really want to do professionally. No doubt you have found your path. Don't change a thing!

[jcshobbiesandrecreation]

Been on several flights where the captain has instructed the flight attendants to take their seat. On a flight from LAX to Hawaii we encountered severe turbulence and one of the flight attendances took the empty seat next to me as we were mid-plane. During that flight we had several overhead compartments come open and experienced several hard jolts and what felt like a very long drop followed by a large bump.

While it didn't seem to bother the other pilot that was sitting a few rows in front of me, it was enough to shake up the crew a bit and some passengers were losing their minds.

[YDdraigBach]

I'm TERRIFIED of flying, especially when there's turbulence. I was on one flight where it was pretty rough & they did the call for the crew to sit down & buckle up. I think that's the most I've cried on a flight! I was convinced it was going to be really bad if they had to ask the crew to be seated & use the seat belts. One of the stewards did come to check on me after though, which was incredibly kind.

I really appreciate the explanation of the different types of turbulence. You guys are incredibly skilled!

[Sadiebell]

Yes, I have experienced turbulence on many occasions. Some were bearable, whilst others were quite severe! I’m just grateful to all you amazing pilots, who are able to maintain the flight without any further interruptions.

[hookem]

My most memorable turbulence experience was on a flight from Las Vegas to San Francisco. The weather was perfectly clear and the first half of the flight was like gliding on ice. Shortly after passing over the south end of the Sierra Nevada mountains (just east of Bakersfield, CA) the plane suddenly dropped what seemed at least 50' and then cam to a sudden abrupt stop along with a very loud bang noise, as if the plane had been hit by a huge hammer. The plane suddenly then rose like a fast elevator for a similar distance and came to another abrupt halt with a loud bang. This repeated for probably 15 to 20 repetitions. The plane then suddenly went back to it's silky smooth ride for the remainder of the trip. This was one of those times as a passenger I just knew the wings were going totally break off. For years afterward, when a plane began to even shudder, I would tense. I have finally gotten over the experience and now take most turbulence as not a big deal.

[rikspector]

Thank you, Captain Joe,
It's lack of knowledge that creates fear of flying and
you give us the information that alleviates these fears.
Well Done!
Cheers,
Rik Spector

[mrfishmanu]

Great explanation. I didn't know there were so many different kinds.
I've flown a lot, but have only been truly frightened by turbulence once. Because of your video I know know that it was Thunderstorm turbulence. It was many years ago on a 737 from Seattle to San Antonio, with a stop in Kansas City. It was night and we were, I think, about 30 minutes outside of KC when the captain announced we had a thunderstorm ahead of us and to expect a rough ride. Within a few minutes it felt like a roller coaster, and we did get hit by lightening at least once. The scary part came when there was a real violent "bump", followed by the plane "dropping" for several seconds and at the same time rolling hard to the right. It felt like the wings were perpendicular to the ground. They probably weren't, but it was a pretty severe roll for a big plane. And to make it even a little more frightening, the cabin lights went out and many of the overhead bins opened and luggage was flying everywhere! I was okay, but I know several people on that flight had minor injuries. The one thing I remember most about that incident though, is the lady sitting next to me, who I didn't know, had grabbed my arm so hard during this that her fingernails drew blood on my forearm.
I'd be happy to NEVER have another flying experience like that!

[ammm]

I heard that PA when we were approaching Phoenix for a landing, and a dust storm kicked up. That was the craziest roller coaster ride I ever had...complete with lightning.