Epigenetics 101 - Dr. Bruce Lipton, PhD

In Biology of Belief, Dr. Bruce Lipton, PhD, outlines a new understanding of life based on his pioneering research with stem cells at Stanford University. In his book, Dr. Lipton proclaims that genes do not control biology, and that cellular perceptions of the environment are the primary factor in biological processes.

Proteins are the staff of life, the physical gears that orchestrate the movements of biology. There are estimated to be about 100,000 different kinds of proteins in the human body. Today, medical students and practitioners are still operating under the assumption that genes, the blueprints that proteins are made from, are the primary factor in biological processes.

When James Watson and Francis Crick first visualized the molecular structure of DNA in 1953, the scientific community believed they had found the ultimate secret to life. The widely accepted understanding is that genetic information stored within the DNA is enough to explain all of molecular biology and heredity and is the reason why living organisms look and behave as they do, in sickness and in health.

The old scientific paradigm espoused that inert genes were the brain of the cell, directing and controlling which proteins become expressed in every cell and that we are essentially all just victims of heredity. After doing experiments with enucleation, a process where the genes are removed from the cell, Dr. Lipton and other
experimenters found that cells live normal lives for up to two months or even longer before their proteins wore out and they died, an observation that contradicts the primacy of genes in cell biology.

The genetic information stored in DNA is the blueprint from which all of the body's proteins can be made. Modern science has mistaken the blueprint, the DNA, for the contractor who actually builds the house. So, if the genes are not the brains of the cell, what is?

Introducing the Cell MemBrain.
At just seven nanometers wide, this phospholipid bilayer is covered in hundreds of thousands of different receptor proteins. These receptor proteins are each specialized to interpret different signals from the environment and then relay that information back into the cell. When a chemical messenger like a hormone or a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor protein like a key going into a lock, the receptor protein activates corresponding effector proteins inside of the cell, initiating a cascade of chemical reactions within the cell. These are called IMPs, or integral membrane proteins. This receptor effector protein relationships in the cell membrane is how a cell perceives and reacts to its environment. A molecule in the environment binds to a receptor protein, an effector protein gets activated, and the chemical release inside the cell makes its way back to the cell's nucleus where the DNA is opened up so a new protein can be made in the process of transcription.

All the functions of DNA depend on interactions with proteins. For example, within the chromosomes, proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed. For a gene to be expressed, a sigma factor protein needs to bind to RNA polymerase for it to split the DNA and be able to access the blueprint. Different sigma factors are utilized under different environmental conditions. The specialized sigma factors bind the promotors of genes appropriate to the environmental conditions, increasing the transcription of those genes.

The genes chosen to be activated and synthesized into new proteins are the direct result of signals from the environment interacting with receptor proteins in the cell membrane. This is the molecular basis for the environment being the primary factor in biological processes. Understanding this complex interaction between environmental conditions and gene expression leads to a marvelous new understanding of biological development where evolution is no longer a mindless game of chance based on random hereditary variants but an interactive dance between organism and environment.

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[redeye]

Epi means above and I much prefer being above my genetics! Thank you Dr. Lipton

[TheGamersGuide]

I got my genetic test yesterday and it makes so much sense !! I believe the conditions that was present were altered due to environment. It can change

[hyderalihimmathi]

it's just 5 minutes post why there is to much of music behind distracting.
I wish YouTube had mute more technology option for music, separating voice and music .

[adelaidehulahoopers]

Evolution is not 'a mindless game of chance.' Niche environments drive the adaptations of life.

[pfeliciano]

This is the most beautiful thing I’ve ever heard

[ggates]

How Dr Lipton gets blackballed by some scientists is beyond me. His position has been confirmed by research.

[netsi]

I think that a much better explanation is given in the “Controlling Genetic Expression” part of the series on @GAIA called “Inner evolution” hosted by @Bruce Lipton

[nope.itsjustmoi]

Just wanted to make a note. The proteins bind to a sigma factor only in BACTERIA. Eukaryotes do not have a sigma factor. The concept is the same except that the proteins bind to what we call a promoter region on our DNA. That is where transcription starts for our cells.

[weareoursolution]

We have the power to create the internal environment that allows us to control how our genes express themselves

[bharathraj]

Thank you so much Sir.
That's easy to understand.

[aims]

There is something wrong with the old science. Pill pushing medicine is now seen as primitive.

[edwardelston]

The background music rocks, does anyone know the title and author?

[joeschmoe]

The video describes the cell membrane in a perfect world scenario. The cell membrane is composed of 25 -33% fatty acids in the form of omega 6 and omega 3. Almost all of the omega 6 eaten is ruined by processing and heating, meaning, your are building cells with partially ruined material. Since these are essential you must obtain it from food (the environment). If you do not get enough quality omega 6 that is fully functional disease sets in. This includes cancer, heart disease, diabetes, mental diseases. Also your cells will not be able to receive signals properly as they may be deformed and may have leaks in the membrane. It is naive to believe cell membranes are in perfect working condition. Due to the preponderance of processed omega 6 oils in our diet it is more logical to assume we have imperfect cell structure. All the positive thinking in the world cannot change this. The myelin sheath is lined with omega 6. One of the reasons people have MS is because of the holes in the myelin sheath. There are other mental problems that are linked to a deficit of essential fatty acids. Studies using evening primrose oil have improved people with schizophrenia.

[dannystanley_]

not gonna talk about how thoughts count as environmental conditions huh... cool visuals tho still useful

[hyunjinpark]

Some information discussed is correct, but its overall effect is grossly misleading. The wording of the video suggests that there's something wrong with the "modern science"; in fact, science has been progressed from the classical molecular biology (classical Watson-Crick Central Dogma of Molecular Biology) to the systems and structural perspectives, such as PPI (protein-protein interactions) and epigenetics.
Speaking of epigenetics, though the statement made by video (cells respond to environmental factors and regulate the level of transcription based on it) was correct, it did not provide any explanation of its mechanisms, such as DNA methylation. Plus, sigma transcription factor is used only by bacterial cells, not eukaryotes.

[Schatten]

Epigenetics, biology's quantum mechanics

[bcliang]

Can I just point out that sigma factor is transcription factor of procaryotes (bacteria), and in eukaryotes (like us) the transcription factors are much more complicated and diverse. If gene transcription and translation would not be the central dogma of the molecular biology and cell biology, how would you explain that Membran receptors of some malignant tumour cells, that have been gone through many genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations, are modified in such way that they can camouflage themselves and hide from immune response? Membran proteins are also produced from the gene, and the entity of our genes are the information that are always inherited.

[eug_metta]

Actually, biologists have known about these principles of "epigenetics" since the early days. The idea that genes control everything has always been absurd - for example skin & muscles cells contain the same genes but are obviously different. Also, the close relationship between genes and the environment is a key idea of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Membrane signalling is hardly revolutionary either. Much of this video is exaggerated.