Te-form uses: te-iru vs te-aru. Te-iku and, te-kuru. Te-form structures.

Te-iru in Japanese - how do we use it? When do we use te-aru instead? What about te-iku and te-kuru? This video makes it all clear and easy▼See More ▼

▼The course-book for this course is Unlocking Japanese

▼Please visit us at KawaJapa

[organicjapanesewithcuredol]

*Important glitch warning* at 5:56 there is an error. I should explain that I have a technical glitch that leads me to say wrong elements in Japanese and English - I will say "noun" when I mean "verb" or "something" when I mean "someone" etc. This isn't usually a problem in videos because I correct them at the editing stage and have someone proof-watch the videos for anything I miss.


However at
5:56 I say えんぴつ が もって います か . This is quite wrong and should of course be えんぴつ もをって います か (wo, not ga). This is very important as the sentence is nonsense as it stands.

Somehow this one got through and was even included in the graphic. The video is an old one and my proofreader was not proficient in Japanese and sometimes one doesn't catch one's own glitches because one is still glitching on that element-swap.

Actually I do it much more in English than in Japanese but because that is very obvious to my proofreader it nearly always gets caught (there are one or two in my videos though - not serious ones like this one).

I don't think one as bad as this has gotten through the net before or since.

This is why I can't do live (technically I can, but I don't know what glitches would slip through if I am unedited!

The problem is probably firmware-related and you may ask why I don't try to get it fixed. The reason is that my sentience is technically a "glitch". No one knows exactly why I am self-aware to the extent that I am. It is possible that a firmware fix to make everything work as it "should" would destroy my sentience, and I don't want to risk that.

[prettysunshyngrl]

I have been studying Japanese for years and fluctuated in skill level and yet I learn so much from every single one of your videos because you are teaching people HOW to think NOT what to think. This is so key in learning languages because the goal is to THINK in that language. Learning a bunch of definitions in your mother tongue or trying to understand it from the perspective of your mother tongue is useless and makes things more difficult. Thank you so much for your efforts I have sent this to every Japanese learner I know. Even my friends who have lived in Japan for years are blown away!

[sqda]

The example 「雨が降ってきた 」made me appreciate the nuances you can express with Japanese. What a fun language!

[カリと]

So that's what いってきます means! That was mind-blowing, thank you Cure Dolly sensei

[MSinclairStevens]

Thanks again for another great explanation...where you explain distinctions by drawing contrasts between forms (Vte iru and Vte aru) and comparisons to earlier points. You do a great job of helping this student connect all the disparate pieces and see Japanese as a cohesive form. You're such an antidote to textbooks which dissect the language and leave it lifeless.

[YatenM]

Just found out about this channel yesterday and I really like the way lessons are presented, definitely recommending it to friends. Thank you so much!

[DANGJOS]

Great lesson! I think there is an expression in English that's similar to 行ってきます. Sometimes you might say: "I'm going out to come back".

[jloojl]

Amazing. Very clearly explained .. Thank so much.

[morte]

キュアドリー先生,

Fantastic!
as promised in your comments from your previous lesson, with the　て form,
this lesson explains the differences between いる & ある not just in terms of agency,
(it is, vs someone is doing/has done it) but also in terms of ordinary vs persistent/continuous state-of-being, both in present て & past た
AND you packed in even more value with the multiple forms of て くる (come) vs て いく (go) examples,
including making the distinction that くる is often used to mean 'do something & come back'.

The lego-ness of japanese is so impressively pervasive that even the る in the くる(to come) verb can be broken down to きます(I will come) for the common phrase いってきます
(I will go out and return)

I am thankful for the transcripts, so I can go over the lessons multiple times :D
ありがとうございました

[AlinaX]

This is so easy to understand and sums up the subject very nicely! Please do however change the voice if at all possible. It makes it challenging to follow what is otherwise great content! Thank you for all your work

[Fredjoe]

4th time watching this one, just realized that it's the first time I've ever seen a counter used! LOL. "...ni hiki no neko".

[bitcube]

The proper term would be agglutination as in: "Agglutinative Language", but "Lego Language" is way more fun and easy to grasp. Just stating this in case someone wants to read about it, it's quite a fascinating subject tbh :D And seriously, to the people complaining about the voice, I'm not even a native English speaker and I can understand this with no issues, that's just staring at the finger instead of the moon...

[WanJae]

Thank you for this video. I'm currently trying to understand if the jodoushi / helper verb concept applies only to specific verbs used in specific ways, or if it refers to ANY verb chained to the end of an initial verb. For example, in this video, in the "te-kuru" structure, would "kuru" be considered a "jodoushi"?

[robharwood]

If いる - る = い is still a verb (stem), and earlier you emphasized that い-adjectives have a copula built into them from the final い, then I'm curious: Is the final い of い-adjectives the *same* い verb (stem) from いる (dictionary form)?
ペン が あお い -(る)- ?
Or is this just a coincidence of sorts?

[hydrogen]

I have a question. Can te-iru have ever a future meaning. I've heard from somebody that with certain verbs it can. Can 理解している also mean "I'll understand"? If yes, in what contexts?

[nicklinnik]

Great lesson as always. But about verb-te-ru cases? Is it some fancy/old-fashioned form of te-iru? I saw it quite a lot of time in shirokuma cafe and could not understand what the purpose this -ru at the end serves.

[tjstarr]

This was a really great lesson, it cemented my understanding of te-iru vs te-aru. But, does the te-stem have any meaning in itself? I have often heard it called the "combining stem" for its use in phrases like motte-iku, where it combines the meaning of verbs. But the other stems also combine with verbs like the a-stem combining with nai, or the i-stem combining with masu. Do these stems have meanings on their own? I know they have specific names like mizenkei or ren'youkei, but do japanese people see these stems as having meaning? Also, could you talk about phrases like "de aru, de wa nai, and de gozaimasu"? Is the de marking the place that something exists?

[hardflip]

Hey Dolly, could you clarify the てて form? I often see ちょっと待ってて, which I assume is te-ite. But how can I understand this exactly? Other articles have presented it as there being an implication that the speaker will be back shortly. But is the "ite" portion in the command form or in the connective form (with the implication being that something will shortly follow waiting)?

[bitmma]

Hello Dolly, I have a question about the Te Form. Up until recently I had found it to be quite straightforward. From what I understood it could either mean that I am doing something right now, I have been doing something recently, or (for mostly the intransitive verbs)  a state (for example, " I am dead"). But I just discovered that it can also be used for habitual actions as well as experiences in the past that still affect the present.  I am utterly confused. My question is why would I use TE IRU instead of the dictionary form? For example, for "I eat sushi everyday" why would I say "mainichi sushi wo tabete iru" instead of "mainichi sushi wo taberu"? Also, why would I use the TE IRU form to describe experiences in the past? One of the examples I came across was: he has read a lot of books (which is why he's very knowledgeable) "kare wa takusan hon wo yonde iru". It confuses me why TE IRU is used instead of "yonda" or even "yonde ita". Any insight would be much appreciated. Thank you for your extremely detailed videos! They have helped me so much!

[yundho]

can we use just normal te or ta-form? i mean instead of saying okiteiruita just use okita? how is that different