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The Age of Absolutism and the rise of powerful monarchs in Europe.
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The Age of Absolutism was a period in European history from the 16th to the 18th century characterized by the rise of powerful monarchs who centralized their authority and sought to control all aspects of their respective nations. This era saw the establishment of absolute monarchies, such as Louis XIV's reign in France, the Habsburg dynasty in Austria, and the Tudor and Stuart monarchies in England. These monarchs used a range of strategies to consolidate their power, including the development of powerful bureaucracies, the use of propaganda to shape public opinion, and the creation of strong military forces. The Age of Absolutism also saw the rise of mercantilism, an economic theory that emphasized the importance of accumulating wealth through trade and colonization. This period laid the foundation for modern nation-states and the concept of state sovereignty.