functions in python programming

functions are a fundamental building block in python programming. they allow you to encapsulate a piece of code that can be reused and organized, promoting modularity and readability. in this tutorial, we'll explore the basics of functions in python, including how to define, call, and work with them.
to define a function in python, you use the def keyword, followed by the function name, parentheses, and a colon. the function body is indented beneath the declaration.
in this example, we've defined a function called greet that takes one parameter (name). the function's docstring provides a brief description of its purpose.
functions can take multiple parameters, and you can use default values to make some parameters optional.
in this example, the add_numbers function takes two parameters (x and y), with y having a default value of 0. if y is not provided, it defaults to 0.
functions can return values using the return statement. a function can have multiple return statements, but once a return statement is executed, the function exits.
in this example, the square function takes one parameter (x) and returns the square of that number.
variables defined inside a function have local scope, meaning they are only accessible within that function. variables defined outside any function have global scope.
in this example, local_variable is only accessible within the print_local function, while global_variable can be accessed globally.
docstrings are used to provide documentation for functions. they are enclosed in triple quotes and can be accessed using the help function.
in this example, the docstring provides information about the function's parameters and return value.
functions are a crucial concept in python programming. they help in writing modular and reusable code, making your programs more organized and maintainable. practice using functions in your python projects to enhance code readability and maintainability.
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