PERT and CPM - 13 - For Beginners - Critical Path and Critical Activities

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#OperationsResearch #Math #PERT #CPM #Network #CriticalPath #FreeLecture #FreeStudy #Solution

Draw Network Diagram and trace the Critical Path:
Activity: 0-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-3 3-4 4-5
Duration (days): 3 6 16 10 8 5 3

Rules for Drawing Network Diagram
Rule 1
Each activity is represented by one and only one arrow in the network.

Rule 2
No two activities can be identified by the same end events.

Rule 3
In order to ensure the correct precedence relationship in the arrow diagram, following questions must be checked whenever any activity is added to the network
 What activity must be completed immediately before this activity can start?
 What activities must follow this activity?
 What activities must occur simultaneously with this activity?
In case of large network, it is essential that certain good habits be practiced to draw an easy to follow network
 Try to avoid arrows which cross each other
 Use straight arrows
 Do not attempt to represent duration of activity by its arrow length
 Use arrows from left to right. Avoid mixing two directions, vertical and standing arrows may be used if necessary.
 Use dummies freely in rough draft but final network should not have any redundant dummies.
 The network has only one entry point called start event and one point of emergence called the end event.

Common Errors in Drawing Networks
The three types of errors are most commonly observed in drawing network diagrams
1. Dangling
To disconnect an activity before the completion of all activities in a network diagram is known as dangling.

2. Looping or Cycling
Looping error is also known as cycling error in a network diagram. Drawing an endless loop in a network is known as error of looping.

3. Redundancy
Unnecessarily inserting the dummy activity in network logic is known as the error of redundancy.

Critical Path:
The longest network path, which consists of a set of activities that connects the "network start event" to the "network end event" is called "Critical Path". The length of the CP determines the minimum duration in which the project can be completed.

Critical or Bottleneck Activities:
All the activities on the CP are called critical or bottleneck activities. The delay in the completion of one or more of these activities will cause delay in the completion time of the project. If, somehow, any of these activity is completed before the expected time, the entire project can also be completed before the expected time. So, such activities require special attention.

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