The Rise of Nationalism in Europe class 10 |“ANIMATED” History One Shot | Class 10 History Chapter 1

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe class 10 |“ANIMATED” History One Shot | Class 10 History Chapter 1

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❤ Please Note

11:35 - we are talking about Germany not France.

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Here are some PYQs for this chapter

Q1. Which of the treaty recognized Greece as an independent nation? [IM, 2021 Sample Paper]
Ans l. Treaty of Constantinople

Q2. Who was called as the architect of Germany's unification?[IM, 2020]
Ans2. Otto von Bismarck

Q3. Name the Treaty of 1832 that recognised Greece as an independent nation. [IM, 2016]
Ans3. Treaty of 1832: Constantinople

Q4. Name the event that mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848? [IM, 2016]
Ans4. The Greek War of Independence in 1821.

Q5. What was the main aim of revolutionaries of Europe during the years following 1815?
[IM, 2016]
Ans5. The main aim of revolutionaries of Europe was to oppose monarchical forms of government.

Q6. Who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871?
[IM, 2016]
Ans6. Kaiser William I of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held a Versailles in January 1871.

Q7. Who was proclaimed the King of United Italy in 1861? [IM, 2016]
Ans7. Victor Emmanuel-ll

Q8. What was the major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to the French Revolution in Europe? [IM, 2015]
Ans8. It led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens. The revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny.

Q9. Explain the measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. [3M, 2021 Sample Paper]

A9) Ans9. (i) The ideas of La Patrie (the fatherland) and Le Citoyen (the citizen) emphasized the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.

(ii) A new French flag, tricolour was chosen to replace the Royal Standard.

(iii) Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the
National Assembly.


Q10. "Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation".Explain.
[3M, 2021 Sample Paper]
Ans10. (i) Italians were scattered over several dynastic states
(ii) Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.
(iii) Italy was unified in 1861 and Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of
United Italy.


Q11. Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s [3M, 2017]
Ans11. Economic hardships faced by Europe in 1830s were:
Increase in population.
Unemployment, migration and price rise.
Stiff competition in the market.
Bad condition of peasants. (Any three)


Q12. Describe any three steps taken by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. [3M, 2015]

Ans12. French revolutionaries introduced various other measures such as:
1. The Estate General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
2. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated all in
the name of the nation.
3. A centralized administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform
laws for all citizens within its territory.


Q13. How had the female figures become an allegory of the nation during the nineteenth century in Europe? Analyse. [3M, 2016]

Ans13. =>Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries portrayed nations as female figures. The female form, that was chosen to personify the nation, did not stand for any particular woman in real life.
=>Rather it sought to give the abstract idea of the nation in concrete form. That is, the female figure became the allegory of the nation.
=>In France, she was named Marianne, a popular Christian name and in Germany, Germania. =>Germania wears a crown of oak leaves as the German oak stands for heroism. The characteristics of Marianne were drawn from those of Liberty and Republic-the red cap, the tricolour and cockade.


Q14. How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain.
[3M, 2015, 2013]

Ans14. Culture, music, dance and religion played an important role in the growth of nationalism.
(i) Culture :Role of culture was important in creating the idea of the nation. Art, poetry, music etc. helped in developing and expressing nationalist feelings. Romanticism was a cultural movement that led to the development of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets criticized the glorification of reason and science and instead focussed on emotions and intuition.

(ii) Language :Language too played an important role In developing nationalist sentiments. After the Russian occupation, the Polish language was forced out of schools and the Russian language was imposed everywhere. In 1831, an armed rebellion against Russian rule took place which was ultimately crushed. Following this, many members of the clergy in Poland began to use language as a weapon of national resistance.

(iii) Music and Dance Romantics such as the German philosopher Herder claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people-das volk. It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation was popularised.


Q15. Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes during the nineteenth century in Europe.[3M, 2014]

Ans15. In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on movement of goods and capital.
1. But in the 19th century Napoleon's administrative measures had created out of
countless small principalities a confederation of 39 states. Each possessed its own currency, and weights and measures.
2. A merchant travelling from Hamburg to Nuremberg had to pass through 11 custom barriers and pay 5% duty at each one of them.
3. As each region had its own system of weights and measures this involved time-consuming calculations. Such conditions were viewed as obstacles to economic growth and exchange by the new commercial classes who argued for the creation of a unified economic territory allowing free movement of goods, people and capital.


Q16. How did the local people in the areas conquered by Napoleon react to French rule? Explain

Ans16. The reactions of the local population to the French rule were mixed.
=>Initially, in many places such as Holland and Switzerland, as well as in cities like Brussels, Mainz, Milan and Warsaw, the French armies were welcomed as harbingers of liberty.
=>As new administrative arrangements did not go hand in hand with political freedom, enthusiasm turned into hostility.
=>Increased taxation, censorship, forced conscription into the French armies to conquer the rest of Europe, outweighed the advantages of the administrative changes.

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Rise of nationalism in europe
SOME IMPORTENT DATE

1848: Frederic Sorrieu a French artist prepared a series of four paintings visualising his dream of a world made up of democratic and socialist republics.

1789: the French Revolution

1833: emergent travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg to sell his goods would have to had to pass through 11 customs barriers and pay a custom duty of about 5% at each one of them

1834: a customs Union of Zollverein was formed

1815: Napoleon was defeated

1815: the representatives of the European powers like Britain Russia prussia and Austria who had collectively defeated Napoleon made at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe

1815: Vienna Convention

1807: Giuseppe Muzziniwas born.

1830: the first upheaval took place in France in July 1830

1821: the struggle of the greeks for their Independence began.

1824: English poet Lord Byron died in 1824

Treaty of Constantinople: 1832

1848: Paris was in a great trouble

After the year 1848: the autocratic monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe began to introduce changes that had already taken place in western Europe before 1815

1867: the habsburg rulers granted more autonomy to the Hungarian

1871: the prussian king William 1 was proclaimed German emperor

1831 and 1848: the failure of Revolutionary Uprising

1859: sardinia and piedmont succeeded defeating the Austrian forces

1861: Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed the king of United Italy

1707: the act of union between England and Scotland_Rise of nationalism in europe_

1848: Frederic Sorrieu a French artist prepared a series of four paintings visualising his dream of a world made up of democratic and socialist republics.

1789: the French Revolution

1833: emergent travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg to sell his goods would have to had to pass through 11 customs barriers and pay a custom duty of about 5% at each one of them

1834: a customs Union of Zollverein was formed

1815: Napoleon was defeated

1815: the representatives of the European powers like Britain Russia prussia and Austria who had collectively defeated Napoleon made at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe

1815: Vienna Convention

1807: Giuseppe Muzziniwas born.

1830: the first upheaval took place in France in July 1830

1821: the struggle of the greeks for their Independence began.

1824: English poet Lord Byron died in 1824

Treaty of Constantinople: 1832

1848: Paris was in a great trouble

After the year 1848: the autocratic monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe began to introduce changes that had already taken place in western Europe before 1815

1867: the habsburg rulers granted more autonomy to the Hungarian

1871: the prussian king William 1 was proclaimed German emperor

1831 and 1848: the failure of Revolutionary Uprising

1859: sardinia and piedmont succeeded defeating the Austrian forces

1861: Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed the king of United Italy

1707: the act of union between England and scotland

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