Animation vs. Math

How much of this math do you know?

🕹️ANIMATORS VS GAMES ► @AnimatorsVSGames

🔹🔶 WRITTEN BY 🔶🔹
Terkoiz
🔹🔶 ANIMATION🔶🔹
Terkoiz
n8ster @n8sterAnimates
Ellis02 @Ellis02Media
Hexal @Hexalhaxel
Oxob @oxob3000
ARC @ARCpersona
SmoilySheep @smoilysheep4670
CoreAdro @CoreAdro
SimpleFox @SimpleFox1
ExcelD
eds! @eds7236
Fordz @Fordz
🔹🔶 SOUND DESIGN🔶🔹
🔹🔶 EDITOR🔶🔹
Pepper @dan_loeb
🔹🔶 MUSIC🔶🔹
Scott Buckley @ScottBuckley
🔹🔶 PRODUCTION MANAGER🔶🔹
Hatena360 @hatena360

[Sevron]

never in my life would I have ever thought I would see something tactically reload a math formula...

[awesomelink]

Love the little detail at 4:20 of TSC flipping his facing direction when hit by the negative sign.

[CWG]

I love how you'd need a super-computer brain to be able keep up with what's happening later in the video without pausing

[Whittyyyy]

0:07 introduction to numbers
0:11 equations
0:20 addition
1:24 subtraction
1:34 negative numbers
1:40 e^i*pi = -1, euler's identity
2:16 two negatives cancellation
2:24 multiplication
2:29 the commutative property
2:29 equivalent multiplications
2:35 division
2:37 second division symbol
2:49 division by zero is indeterminate
3:05 Indices/Powers
3:39 One of the laws of indices. Radicals introcuced.
3:43 Irrational Number
3:50 Imaginary numbers
3:59 i^2 = -1
4:01 1^3 = -i = i * -1 = ie^-i*pi
4:02 one of euler's formulas, it equals -1
5:18 Introduction to the complex plane
5:36 Every point with a distance of one from the origin on the complex plane
5:40 radians, a unit of measurement for angles in the complex plane
6:39 circumference / diameter = pi
6:49 sine wave
6:56 cosine wave
7:02 sin^2(θ) + cos^2(θ) = 1
7:19 again, euler's formula
7:35 another one of euler's identities
8:25 it just simplifies to 1 + 1/i
8:32 sin (θ) / cos (θ) = tan (θ)
9:29 infinity.
9:59 limit as x goes to infinity
10:00 reduced to an integral
11:27 the imaginary world
13:04 Gamma(x) = (x-1)!
13:36 zeta, delta and phi
13:46 aleph

[jesseweber]

If you could turn this format into a video game, you'd have an incredibly powerful tool to teach kids math.

[ricardoestopinan]

13:35 Phi from the next "Animation vs Geometry" short.

[classicaid]

Returning here not just to rewatch this masterpiece, but also to confirm that Phi has appeared before (believing that Phi had seen TSC before meeting him in Animation vs. Geometry, which is why Phi is friendlier/less defensive when they met than Euler's identity)

[VFacts]

So far, this is the best action movie in 2023!

[thebigcheese]

I love how he goes from learning basic operations to university level maths

[nirengekishoda]

Watched Animation vs. Geometry.
13:36 was this an anticipation of the next realms?

[manuzinha]

You don't know how much i want 1 video like this but is like "Animation vs music"

[cykwan]

*THE MATH LORE*
0:07 The simplest way to start -- 1 is given axiomatically as the first *natural number* (though in some Analysis texts, they state first that 0 is a natural number)
0:13 *Equality* -- First relationship between two objects you learn in a math class.
0:19 *Addition* -- First of the four fundamental arithmetic operations.
0:27 Repeated addition of 1s, which is how we define the rest of the naturals in set theory; also a foreshadowing for multiplication.
0:49 Addition with numbers other than 1, which can be defined using what we know with adding 1s. (proof omitted)
1:23 *Subtraction* -- Second of the four arithmetic operations.
1:34 Our first *negative number!* Which can also be expressed as *e^(i*pi), * a result of extending the domain of the *Taylor series* for e^x (\sum x^n/n!) to the *complex numbers.*
1:49 e^(i*pi) multiplying itself by i, which opens a door to the... imaginary realm? Also alludes to the fact that Orange is actually in the real realm. How can TSC get to the quantity again now?

2:12 Repeated subtraction of 1s, similar to what was done with the naturals.
2:16 Negative times a negative gives positive.
2:24 *Multiplication, * and an interpretation of it by repeated addition or any operation.
2:27 Commutative property of multiplication, and the factors of 12.
2:35 *Division, * the final arithmetic operation; also very nice to show that - and / are as related to each other as + and x!
2:37 Division as counting the number of repeated subtractions to zero.
2:49 Division by zero and why it doesn't make sense. Surprised that TSC didn't create a black hole out of that.

3:04 *Exponentiation* as repeated multiplication.
3:15 How higher exponents corresponds to geometric dimension.
3:29 Anything non-zero to the zeroth power is 1.
3:31 Negative exponents! And how it relates to fractions and division.
3:37 Fractional exponents and *square roots!* We're getting closer now...
3:43 Decimal expansion of *irrational numbers* (like sqrt(2)) is irregular. (I avoid saying "infinite" since technically every real number has an infinite decimal expansion...)
3:49 sqrt(-1) gives the *imaginary number i, * which is first defined by the property i^2 = -1.
3:57 Adding and multiplying complex numbers works according to what we know.
4:00 i^3 is -i, which of course gives us i*e^(i*pi)!

4:14 Refer to 3:49
4:16 *Euler's formula* with x = pi! The formula can be shown by rearranging the Taylor series for e^x.
4:20 Small detail: Getting hit by the negative sign changes TSC's direction, another allusion to the complex plane!
4:22 e^(i*pi) to e^0 corresponds to the motion along the unit circle on the complex plane.
4:44 The +1/-1 "saber" hit each other to give out "0" sparks.
4:49 -4 saber hits +1 saber to change to -3, etc.
4:53 2+2 crossbow fires out 4 arrows.
4:55 4 arrow hits the division sign, aligning with pi to give e^(i*pi/4), propelling it pi/4 radians round the unit circle.
5:06 TSC propelling himself by multiplying i, rotating pi radians around the unit circle.

5:18 TSC's discovery of the *complex plane* (finally!) 5:21 The imaginary axis; 5:28 the real axis.
5:33 The unit circle in its barest form.
5:38 2*pi radians in a circle.
5:46 How the *radian* is defined -- the angle in a unit circle spanning an arc of length 1.
5:58 r*theta -- the formula for the length of an arc with angle theta in a circle with radius r.
6:34 For a unit circle, theta / r is simply the angle.
6:38 Halfway around the circle is exactly pi radians.
6:49 How the *sine and cosine functions* relate to the anticlockwise rotation around the unit circle -- sin(x) equals the y-coordinate, cos(x) equals to the x-coordinate.
7:09 Rotation of sin(x) allows for visualization of the displacement between sin(x) and cos(x).
7:18 Refer to 4:16

7:28 Changing the exponent by multiples of pi to propel itself in various directions.
7:34 A new form!? The Taylor series of e^x with x=i*pi. Now it's got infinite ammo!? Also like that the ammo leaves the decimal expansion of each of the terms as its ballistic markings.
7:49 The volume of a cylinder with area pi r^2 and height 8.
7:53 An exercise for the reader (haha)
8:03 Refer to 4:20
8:25 cos(x) and sin(x) in terms of e^(ix)
8:33 -This part I do not understand, unfortunately...- TSC creating a "function" gun f(x) = 9tan(pi*x), so that shooting at e^(i*pi) results in f(e^(i*pi))= f(-1) = 0. (Thanks to @anerdwithaswitch9686 for the explanation -- it was the only interpretation that made sense to me; still cannot explain the arrow though, but this is probably sufficient enough for this haha)
9:03 Refer to 5:06
9:38 The "function" gun, now "evaluating" at infinity, expands the real space (which is a vector space) by increasing one dimension each time, i.e. the span of the real space expands to R^2, R^3, etc.
9:48 log((1-i)/(1+i)) = -i*pi/2, and multiplying by 2i^2 = -2 gives i*pi again.
9:58 Blocking the "infinity" beam by shortening the intervals and taking the limit, not quite the exact definition of the Riemann integral but close enough for this lol

10:17 Translating the circle by 9i, moving it up the imaginary axis
10:36 The "displacement" beam strikes again! Refer to 7:09

11:26 Now you're in the imaginary realm.

12:16 "How do I get out of here?"
12:28 -Don't quite get this one...- Says "exit" with 't' being just a half-hidden pi (thanks @user-or5yo4gz9r for that)
13:03 n! in the denominator expands to the *gamma function, * a common extension of the factorial function to non-integers.
13:05 Substitution of the iterator from n to 2n, changing the expression of the summands. The summand is the formula for the volume of the *n-dimensional hypersphere* with radius 1. (Thanks @brycethurston3569 for the heads-up; you were close in your description!)

13:32 Zeta (most known as part of the *Zeta function* in Analysis) joins in, along with Phi (the *golden ratio)* and Delta (commonly used to represent a small quantity in Analysis)
13:46 Love it -- Aleph (most known as part of *Aleph-null, * representing the smallest infinity) looming in the background.

Welp that's it! In my eyes anyway. Anything I missed?

The nth Edit: Thanks to the comment section for your support! It definitely helps being a math major to be able to write this out of passion. Do keep the suggestions coming as I refine the descriptions!

[heyameitayar]

If math lessons were like this, math would for sure be everyone’s favorite subject

Edit: well, this blew up fast. Thanks!

[ragnarlothbrok]

I didn't understand it fully. Like 40% of it I understood. But man, learning math paid off.

[danielrosina]

Honestly this is one of my favorite YouTube videos of all time, I watch it literally every 2 weeks. I am quite a big math nerd in high school, and having so many math concepts ranging from simple operations to advanced calculus… it is really such a treat. Thank you so much to the Alan Becker team for putting this together, I look forward to many more masterpieces in the future!

[marcusscience]

as an nerd myself, here's the actual math:
0:06 1 as the unit
0:13 equations
0:18 addition, positive integers
0:34 decimal base, 0 as a place holder
0:44 substitution
1:09 simplifying equations, combining terms
1:20 subtraction
1:30 0 as the additive identity
1:34 -1, preview of e^(iπ) = -1
2:10 negative integers
2:16 changing signs
2:20 multiplication
2:28 factors
2:33 division
2:48 division by 0 error
3:03 powers
3:23 x^1 = x, x^0 = 1, x^(-1) = 1/x
3:35 fractional exponents = roots
3:42 √2 is irrational
3:48 √(-1) = i
3:54 complex numbers
4:00 e^(iπ) returns, i*i*i = i*(-1) = i*e^(iπ)
4:15 Euler's formula: e^(iθ) = cosθ + i*sinθ
4:54 e^(iθ) rotates an angle of θ
5:12 complex plane
5:33 unit circle
5:38 full circle = 2π radians
5:55 circle radii
6:36 π
6:41 trigonometry
7:17 Euler's formula again
7:33 Taylor series of e^(iπ)
7:44 circle + cylinder
7:51 (-θ) * e^(iπ) = (-θ) * (-1) = θ
8:22 Euler's formula + complex trigonometry
8:29 sinθ/cosθ = tanθ, function f(x) = 9*tan(πx)
9:01 π radians = half turn
9:57 limits, integrals to handle infinity
10:15 translation
13:01 factorial --> gamma function, n-dimensional spheres
13:31 zeta, phi, delta, aleph
(comment by MarcusScience23)

[TailsMiles]

The reason why I love this series so much isn't just because of the animation and choreography, but because rules of how the world works are established and are never broken. Regardless of how absurd fight scenes play out there's a careful balance to ensure that not a single rule is broken.

[Benm_]

10:57 bro hit the domain expansion: infinite math

[missonchoudhury]

bro learns math faster than my teacher could teach.

[Fletchable]

It speaks to Alan and his team’s talent on a number of levels that they can even make me feel sympathy for Euler’s number.